Towards sustainable agriculture with carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas mitigation using algal biochar.

During farming practices in rural areas, various fertilizers are used, which can lead to the contamination of groundwater resources with nitrate and, consequently, can affect the health of consumer...

Groundwater quality evaluation and risk assessment of nitrate using monte carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis in rural areas of Divandarreh County, Kurdistan province, Iran

Overview assessment of risk evaluation and treatment technologies for heavy metal pollution of water and soil

Shoreline changes and its impact on the mangrove ecosystems of some islands of Indian Sundarbans, North-East coast of India

Large-scale evaluation of deposition, bioavailability and ecological risks of the potentially toxic metals in the sediment cores of the hotspot coral reef ecosystems (Persian Gulf, Iran).

Dissolved trace elements in Hooghly (Ganges) River Estuary, India: Risk assessment and implications for management.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas. Agricultural soils are the major source of N2O contributing more than 70% of the global N2O emissions. In soil, N2O is mainly produced during the microbial mediated nitrification and denitrification processes. These processes are influenced by several factors. Nitrification is governed by a few species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, whereas, several species are involved in the denitrification process. Recently, several improved molecular approaches particularly different omics technologies namely genome sequencing, proteomics, metagenomics, meta-transcriptomics, etc. are being used for microbial diversity assessment, identification of metabolic pathways as well as recovery of the abundant uncultivable microbial genomes along with the genes involved in N2O production but also necessary for mitigation of N2O emission from agricultural soils. Various studies on the N2O production pathways and factors affecting from the agricultural soils are being elaborately documented. However, the molecular perspective of the N2O production in agricultural soils is not well-addressed. Thus, a better understanding of N2O production pathways, factors affecting, and identification of soil microbial and ecological diversity will provide great insight into the mitigation of N2O emission from agricultural soils. This review aims to explore in detail the published literature for a better understanding of soil microbial dynamics in both aerobic and anaerobic environment and how nitrogen saturation disrupts microbial and ecosystem functioning. The impact of impending climate change on soil microbiome along with their interaction with soil environment and plant communities is also discussed.

Molecular and ecological perspectives of nitrous oxide producing microbial communities in agro-ecosystems

One of the foremost issues for the current society is heavy metal pollution which is caused owing to recent extraordinary urbanization and industrialization. The impact of metal contamination on the agricultural fields/soils results in contamination of food sources and reaching the human food chain. The heavy metals (HM) and metalloids consisting of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb and other metals have enormous toxic impacts. The cropping intensity was increased, and more area was brought under agriculture, and also the advancement within the farming practice with recent technologies such as application of fertilizers has led the agricultural field into a polluted area by heavy metals. The rate of metals or metalloid concentrations within the agricultural soil is rising rapidly, and it affects plant growth, food safety and soil micro flora. Heavy metals depend on green plants for their biologic and geological rehabilitation. Heavy metals, toxic to the environment, can directly affect an integral part of the plants and modify their biochemical, metabolic and physiological processes. However, some of the heavy metals such as Cu, Mn, Co, Zn and Cr are important for the completion of metabolic activities, but in trace quantities. The present review aims at drawing a possible route map resulting in further research possibilities within the domain of heavy metal pollution by documenting the research works related to this area along with the management strategies.

Pushpanathan Raja

Papers

Dissolved trace elements in Hooghly (Ganges) River Estuary, India: Risk assessment and implications for management.

Molecular and ecological perspectives of nitrous oxide producing microbial communities in agro-ecosystems

A review of heavy metals accumulation pathways, sources and management in soils