A comprehensive but simple-to-use software package called DPS (Data Processing System) has been developed to execute a range of standard numerical analyses and operations used in experimental design, statistics and data mining. This program runs on standard Windows computers. Many of the functions are specific to entomological and other biological research and are not found in standard statistical software. This paper presents applications of DPS to experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining in entomology.

http://www.dpsw.cn/files/Insect%20science,2012,%E5%94%90%E5%90%AF%E4%B9%89,%E5%BC%A0%E4%BC%A0%E6%BA%AA,Data%20Processing%20System%20(DPS)%20software%20with%20experimental%20research.pdf

Data Processing System (DPS) software with experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining developed for use in entomological research

Prior to mining, the water in and around the mine is rarely influenced by human activities, and hydrogeochemical processes are the major factors influencing and controlling water chemistry. To identify these natural hydrogeochemical processes in Laoheba phosphorite mine (Sichuan Province, China), correlation and multivariate statistical techniques were used. Results show that water quality in the area is generally good before the Laoheba phosphorite mine goes into construction and production. The cluster analysis classified water samples into 4 clusters (C1–C4). Samples from C1 and C2 are of HCO3−Ca·Mg and HCO3−Ca type, while those from C3 and C4 are of HCO3−Ca·Mg type. Most parameters except Cl− and pH show an increasing trend in the order of C1 to C4. Three principal components were extracted, and PC1 represents the ion exchange and the weathering of calcite, dolomite, and silicate minerals. PC2 and PC3 indicate the process of water recharge from upstream waters and the process of evaporation, respectively. The hydrochemistry of waters in the area is a result of multiple factors, and natural mineral weathering and ion exchange are the most important ones.

Using correlation and multivariate statistical analysis to identify hydrogeochemical processes affecting the major ion chemistry of waters: a case study in Laoheba phosphorite mine in Sichuan, China

Effects of water stress on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter translocation and WUE in two winter wheat genotypes

Seasonal variations of CH4 and N2O emissions in response to water management of paddy fields located in Southeast China

Toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used widely for insect control in sprays and transgenic plants, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Previous work showed that mutations in a gene encoding the transporter protein ABCC2 are linked with resistance to Bt toxins Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac or both in four species of Lepidoptera. Here we compared the ABCC2 gene of Helicoverpa armigera (HaABCC2) between susceptible strains and a laboratory-selected strain with >1,000-fold resistance to Cry1Ac relative its susceptible parent strain. We discovered a 73-base pair (bp) insertion in the cDNA of the resistant strain that generates a premature stop codon expected to yield a truncated ABCC2 protein. Sequencing of genomic DNA revealed that this insertion is an intron that is not spliced out because of a 6-bp deletion at its splicing site. Analysis of progeny from crosses revealed tight genetic linkage between HaABCC2 and resistance to Cry1Ac. These results provide the first evidence that mis-splicing of a gene encoding an ABCC2 protein confers resistance to a Bt toxin.

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Mis-splicing of the ABCC2 gene linked with Bt toxin resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

Baculovirus isolates from the same host species often show a considerable degree of variation on phenotypes. The completely sequenced genotypes C1 and G4 of Helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) were compared. Bioassay studies suggested that nearly double of HaSNPV G4 virus was required compared with HaSNPV C1 to achieve a similar LD50, and at the LD90 level the insect-killing speed for HaSNPV C1 was quicker than that of HaSNPV G4. The budded virus (BV) production of HaSNPV C1 was nearly two- to threefold higher at 24 and 48 h post-infection (p.i.) than that of HaSNPV G4. However, the kinetics of polyhedral inclusion body (PIB) formation in HzAM1 cells was similar in both the genotypes, which implied that the insect-killing speed was not influenced by PIB formation, but by the kinetics of BV production. The results suggested that the HaSNPV C1 isolate was a better choice than HaSNPV G4 virus for controlling H. armigera.

Qi-Yi Tang

Papers

Data Processing System (DPS) software with experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining developed for use in entomological research

Biological Comparison of Two Genotypes of Helicoverpa armigera Single-Nucleocapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus