Differentiation and secondary metabolism are correlated processes in fungi that respond to light. In
Aspergillus nidulans
, light inhibits sexual reproduction as well as secondary metabolism. We identified
the heterotrimeric
velvet
complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental
regulation and control of secondary metabolism. VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark,
physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development. VeA bridges VelB to the
nuclear master regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. Deletion of either
velB
or
veA
results in
defects in both sexual fruiting-body formation and the production of secondary metabolites.

VelB/VeA/LaeA Complex CoordinatesLight Signal with Fungal Developmentand Secondary Metabolism

Yeasts occur in all environments and have been described as potent antagonists of various plant pathogens. Due to their antagonistic ability, undemanding cultivation requirements, and limited biosafety concerns, many of these unicellular fungi have been considered for biocontrol applications. Here, we review the fundamental research on the mechanisms (e.g., competition, enzyme secretion, toxin production, volatiles, mycoparasitism, induction of resistance) by which biocontrol yeasts exert their activity as plant protection agents. In a second part, we focus on five yeast species (Candida oleophila, Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia fructicola, Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that are or have been registered for the application as biocontrol products. These examples demonstrate the potential of yeasts for commercial biocontrol usage, but this review also highlights the scarcity of fundamental studies on yeast biocontrol mechanisms and of registered yeast-based biocontrol products. Yeast biocontrol mechanisms thus represent a largely unexplored field of research and plentiful opportunities for the development of commercial, yeast-based applications for plant protection exist.

/pdf/biocontrol-yeasts-mechanisms-and-applications-1ti0e72hvn.pdf

Biocontrol Yeasts: Mechanisms and Applications

Changes in the activities of pro- and anti-oxidant enzymes in peach fruit inoculated with Cryptococcus laurentii or Penicillium expansum at 0 or 20 °C

Effects of the yeast Pichia guilliermondii against Rhizopus nigricans on tomato fruit

http://sourcedb.wbg.cas.cn/zw/rck/201111/W020120113427032317921.pdf

Induction of H2O2-metabolizing enzymes and total protein synthesis by antagonistic yeast and salicylic acid in harvested sweet cherry fruit

/pdf/pathogenic-mechanisms-and-control-strategies-of-botrytis-36sj3uhdrc.pdf

Pathogenic mechanisms and control strategies of Botrytis cinerea causing post-harvest decay in fruits and vegetables

Biocontrol Efficacy of Three Antagonistic Yeasts Against Penicillium expansum in Harvested Apple Fruits

The yeasts Trichosporon pullulans (Lindner.) Diddens et Lodder, Cryptococcuslaurentii (Kuffer.) Skinner and Rhodotorula glutinis (Fresenius) Harrison were sprayed at concentration of 1×108CFU/mL onto sweet cherry (Prunus avivum L. cv. Hongdeng) fruit in two orchards prior to harvest. Survival of these species on fruit surfaces under field conditions was investigated. Also, their biocontrol efficacy against postharvest decay of cherry fruit stored under various conditions was assessed. All three yeasts colonized the surface of sweet cherry fruit. However, only C.laurentii and R. glutinis maintained populations at high and stable levels throughout the 4-d experimental period. C.laurentii was the most effective and promising of the three antagonists. It had strong survival ability on fruit surfaces under field conditions and adaptability to postharvest storage conditions of low temperature, low-O2 and high-CO2 concentratio ns.

Application of Antagonistic Yeasts Under Field Conditions and Their Biocontrol Ability Against Postharvest Diseases of Sweet Cherry

Polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonium lyase induced in postharvest peach fruits by inoculation with Pichia membranefaciens or Rhizopus stolonifer

/pdf/molecular-basis-and-regulation-strategies-for-quality-vfrsr5106j.pdf

Qin Guozheng

Papers

Pathogenic mechanisms and control strategies of Botrytis cinerea causing post-harvest decay in fruits and vegetables

Biocontrol Efficacy of Three Antagonistic Yeasts Against Penicillium expansum in Harvested Apple Fruits

Application of Antagonistic Yeasts Under Field Conditions and Their Biocontrol Ability Against Postharvest Diseases of Sweet Cherry

Polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonium lyase induced in postharvest peach fruits by inoculation with Pichia membranefaciens or Rhizopus stolonifer

Molecular Basis and Regulation Strategies for Quality Maintenance of Postharvest Fruit