다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ev...

Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes

Fluorescent nanodiamond is a new nanomaterial that possesses several useful properties, including good biocompatibility1, excellent photostability1,2 and facile surface functionalizability2,3. Moreover, when excited by a laser, defect centres within the nanodiamond emit photons that are capable of penetrating tissue, making them well suited for biological imaging applications1,2,4. Here, we show that bright fluorescent nanodiamonds can be produced in large quantities by irradiating synthetic diamond nanocrystallites with helium ions. The fluorescence is sufficiently bright and stable to allow three-dimensional tracking of a single particle within the cell by means of either one- or two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy. The excellent photophysical characteristics are maintained for particles as small as 25 nm, suggesting that fluorescent nanodiamond is an ideal probe for long-term tracking and imaging in vivo, with good temporal and spatial resolution.

Mass production and dynamic imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds

Despite the various synthesis methods to obtain carbon dots (CDs), the bottom-up methods are still the most widely administrated route to afford large-scale and low-cost synthesis. However, as CDs are developed with increasing reports involved in producing many CDs, the structure and property features have changed enormously compared with the first generation of CDs, raising classification concerns. To this end, a new classification of CDs, named carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), is summarized according to the analysis of structure and property features. Here, CPDs are revealed as an emerging class of CDs with distinctive polymer/carbon hybrid structures and properties. Furthermore, deep insights into the effects of synthesis on the structure/property features of CDs are provided. Herein, the synthesis methods of CDs are also summarized in detail, and the effects of synthesis conditions of the bottom-up methods in terms of the structures and properties of CPDs are discussed and analyzed comprehensively. Insights into formation process and nucleation mechanism of CPDs are also offered. Finally, a perspective of the future development of CDs is proposed with critical insights into facilitating their potential in various application fields.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.201901316

Evolution and Synthesis of Carbon Dots: From Carbon Dots to Carbonized Polymer Dots

As a mussel-inspired material, polydopamine (PDA), possesses many properties, such as a simple preparation process, good biocompatibility, strong adhesive property, easy functionalization, outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency, and strong quenching effect. PDA has attracted increasingly considerable attention because it provides a simple and versatile approach to functionalize material surfaces for obtaining a variety of multifunctional nanomaterials. In this review, recent significant research developments of PDA including its synthesis and polymerization mechanism, physicochemical properties, different nano/microstructures, and diverse applications are summarized and discussed. For the sections of its applications in surface modification and biomedicine, we mainly highlight the achievements in the past few years (2016-2019). The remaining challenges and future perspectives of PDA-based nanoplatforms are discussed rationally at the end. This timely and overall review should be desirable for a wide range of scientists and facilitate further development of surface coating methods and the production of PDA-based materials.

Versatile Polydopamine Platforms: Synthesis and Promising Applications for Surface Modification and Advanced Nanomedicine

Facile fabrication of cross-linked fluorescent organic nanoparticles with aggregation-induced emission characteristic via the thiol-ene click reaction and their potential for biological imaging.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is an unusual fluorescent phenomenon characterized by strong luminescence observed in the aggregated state or in high-concentration solutions. AIE-active polymers have been extensively explored for various applications. Owing to their unique AIE property, these polymers overcome the aggregation caused quenching effect observed in conventional organic dyes. This makes the AIE-active polymers especially attractive for biomedical applications due to the aggregation of AIEgens in aqueous solution. AIE-active polymers have shown great potential for chemical/biological sensors, biological imaging, multimodel imaging, drug delivery, nanotheranostics, and organic light emission diodes owing to their outstanding properties such as ultrabrightness, versatile design, and multifunctional potential. This article presents recent advances in the fabrication strategies and biomedical applications of AIE-active polymers.


Keywords:

Aggregation-induced emission;
biological imaging applications;
luminescent polymers;
theranostic systems

Aggregation-Induced Emission Polymers

Novel fluorescent amphiphilic copolymers were prepared via Schiff base condensation between an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dye (named as PHE) with one amino group and oxidation starch (DAS) with aldehyde groups. The size, morphology, composition as well as optical properties of resultant PHE–DAS were characterized in detail by means of a number of techniques. To evaluate their biomedical application potential, their biocompatibility as well as cell uptake behavior were also determined. We confirmed that the PHE–DAS can readily self-assemble into core shell nanostructures and display good water dispersibility and strong luminescent emission. Furthermore, these AIE active luminescent polymeric microparticles (LPMs) exhibited negative toxicity towards A549 cells and desirable biological imaging properties. More importantly, many carboxyl groups were generated on the PHE–DAS LPMs, making them useful for further surface functionalization and drug delivery applications. Taken together, we have developed a facile strategy for fabrication of AIE active carbohydrate polymers, which exhibited great potential for biological imaging and drug delivery applications.

Facile preparation, through Schiff base formation, of luminescent amphiphilic carbohydrate polymers with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for biological imaging

Qing Wan

Papers

Facile fabrication of cross-linked fluorescent organic nanoparticles with aggregation-induced emission characteristic via the thiol-ene click reaction and their potential for biological imaging.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Polymers

Facile preparation, through Schiff base formation, of luminescent amphiphilic carbohydrate polymers with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for biological imaging