An overview of the chemical composition of biomass

The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.

Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review

The high output of sewage sludge, which is increasing during recent years, and the limitations of the existing means of disposing sewage sludge highlight the need to find alternative routes to manage this waste. Biomass and residues like sewage sludge are the only renewable energy sources that can provide C and H, thus it is interesting to process them by means of treatments that enable to obtain chemically valuable products like fuels and not only heat and power; pyrolysis can be one of these treatments. The main objective of this review is to provide an account of the state of the art of sewage sludge pyrolysis for liquid production, which is under study during recent years. This process yields around 50 wt% (daf) of liquid. Typically, this liquid is heterogeneous and it usually separates into two or three phases. Some of these organic phases have very high gross heating values, even similar to those of petroleum-based fuels. The only industrial sewage sludge pyrolysis plant operated to date is currently closed due to some technical challenges and problems of economic viability.

Sewage sludge pyrolysis for liquid production: A review

Advantages and disadvantages of composition and properties of biomass in comparison with coal: An overview

An overview of the composition and application of biomass ash.

Legislative and environmental issues on the use of ash from coal and municipal sewage sludge co-firing as construction material.

Study on trace metal partitioning in pulverized combustion of bituminous coal and dry sewage sludge

Fuel Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Other Supplemental Fuels Regarding their Effect on the Co-combustion with Coal

Ash Quality and Heavy Metals Behaviour in Combined Combustion of Bituminous Coal and Sewage Sludge

Study of Metal Species Partitioning Along the Flue Gas Path in Combustion of Bituminous Coal and Sewage Sludge

R. Cenni

Papers

Legislative and environmental issues on the use of ash from coal and municipal sewage sludge co-firing as construction material.

Study on trace metal partitioning in pulverized combustion of bituminous coal and dry sewage sludge

Fuel Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Other Supplemental Fuels Regarding their Effect on the Co-combustion with Coal

Ash Quality and Heavy Metals Behaviour in Combined Combustion of Bituminous Coal and Sewage Sludge

Study of Metal Species Partitioning Along the Flue Gas Path in Combustion of Bituminous Coal and Sewage Sludge