Translated from the official German naval history of the First World War, this account is based upon the war diaries of the commanding officers involved and makes extensive use of the texts of naval staff memoranda andinstructions, operation and war orders, and German wireless messages. Concentrating on the North Sea area, the volume begins with an examination of the background of the conflict and the preliminary German preparations for the warvis-a-vis those of the British Navy, and then proceeds to the early operations of the two fleets during August 1914. The detailed treatment reflects theimportance of this initial stage of the contest, in which are exhibited the maritime planning and determinations that set the course of the entire naval conduct of the war: the blockade by Britain and the German employment of the submarine and mine warfare. Relevant appendices, tables, and charts accompany each part. English translation of Der krieg in der Nordsee ________. The War in the North Sea. Volume I. From the Beginning of the War to the First of September, 1914. Part 2. Chapters 5,6; Appendices 14-21; Charts 1835. Newport, RI: Naval War College, 1937. (ADA003032). 220 p. English translation of Der krieg in der Nordsee. Halpern, Paul G. A naval history of World War I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, c1994. 591 p. NPS/DKL Location: RESERVE D580 .H34 1994 Hoehling, Adolph A. The Great War at sea: a history of naval action, 1914-1918. Crowell, [1965]. 336 p. NPS/DKL Location: GENERAL D580 .H6 ________. The Great War at sea: a history of naval action 1914-18. New York: Galahad Books, [1975] c1965. 336 p. Originally published: New York, Crowell, 1965. ________. The Great War at sea: a history of naval action, 1914-18. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1978, c1965. 336 p. Reprint of the edition published by Crowell, New York, 1965. Newbolt, Henry John, Sir. A naval history of the war. London, Hodder & Stoughton limited, [1920]. 350 p. Plaschka, Richard Georg. Matrosen, Offiziere, Rebellen: Krisenkonfrontationen zur See, 1900-1918: Taku, Tsushima, Coronel/Falkland, "Potemkin," Wilhelmshaven, Cattaro. Wien: H. Bohlau, 1984. (Veroffentlichungen des Osterreichischen Ostund Sudosteuropa-Instituts; Bd. 12-13). 2 v. Reynolds, Francis Joseph et al, ed. The story of the Great War. New York, P.F. Collier & son, [c1916-1920]. 16 v. NPS/DKL Location: BUCKLEY D521 .R4

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Submarine Warfare in the 20 th & 21 st Centuries: A Bibliography

https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/63481/9/01front.pdf

Utopian aspirations in fascist ideology: English and French literary perspectives 1914-1945.

Des 1919, la France et l’Italie se tournent vers l’espace balkanique et danubien, issu de l’effondrement des empires multinationaux, pour assurer leur securite et leur puissance. Alors que la question adriatique eloigne les deux pays, ils trouvent un consensus provisoire sur l’Europe danubienne : ni Anschluss, ni confederation danubienne. Ce modus vivendi va cependant voler en eclats a partir de 1924, lorsque la volonte francaise de mieux organiser son systeme d’alliances rencontre le revisionnisme fasciste. L’une et l’autre puissance tentent de surmonter les difficultes internationales creees par le mouvement pour l’Anschluss, l’opposition de la Petite Entente et de la Hongrie, le statut de la Yougoslavie, mais la divergence de leurs representations sur ce que devait etre un concert europeen renove empecha toute collaboration. Leur confrontation favorisa la destabilisation de l’Europe balkanique et danubienne : le lien entre les deux phenomenes eclata au grand jour lors des negociations economiques pour la reconstruction de l’Europe entre 1931 et 1933. Dans le sillage de ces dernieres, le Pacte a quatre fut concu par la diplomatie francaise comme une occasion d’arrimer l’Italie a la vision francaise de l’organisation du continent, tandis que Mussolini en faisait la premiere etape d’un bouleversement de l’ordre issu des traites de paix : l’Europe balkanique et danubienne fut le grand enjeu tacite du Pacte a quatre.

La rivalité franco-italienne en Europe balkanique et danubienne, de la Conférence de la Paix (1919) au Pacte à quatre (1933) : intérêts nationaux et représentations du système européen

In the spring of 1938 a mission of the Italian Fascist Party journeyed to the Japanese empire, visiting China, Korea, Manchukuo, and Japan itself. Those were happy days for the Axis and, as such, characterized by a flood of shuttle visits and requests for cooperation between Italy, Japan, and Germany. As we explore the choreography of the visit and accompany the Italian Blackshirts on their two-month-long trip, two processes become clear. On the one hand, the presence of the Blackshirts in Japan helped place the nation's regional war with China in the broader context of worldwide conflicts. On the other hand, this trip assisted in firmly placing the new Axis alliance in the context of a pan-Asianist empire under Japanese control. This article suggests that both processes were linked and mutually enhancing of one another. At the same time they were part of a much more far-reaching phenomenon, namely the globalization of the Axis alliance. This, I will argue, was acted out on the stages provided by what is best described as the ‘spectacle of global fascism’. Of course, this spectacle proved to have its tensions and oddities. But as the focus on the performative aspects of the Italian-Japanese encounters shows, this novel form of fascist diplomacy was a way of handling contradictions within the alliance. At the same time, the spectacle served to strengthen it. In other words, seen through the lens of the Blackshirts’ mission, the Axis appears significantly stronger, diverse, and also more global than conventional diplomatic history has perceived it to be.

The Spectacle of Global Fascism: The Italian Blackshirt mission to Japan's Asian empire

1. The great powers at the dawn of world politics 2. Global origins of World War One: from the China scramble to the world crisis of 1904-1906 3. Global origins of World War One: a chain of revolutionary events around the world island 4. Balance and revolution, 1914-1918 5. A ragged peace, 1919 6. Scramble for Eurasia, 1919-1922 7. Drastic acts of unhappy powers, 1922-1923 8. Storms in the lull, 1924-1927 9. Politics and economics of the Great Slump, 1928-1933 10. A vogue for national economy 11. Mussolini's moment, 1933-1935 12. Global civil war, 1936-1937 13. Last years of peace, 1937-1939 14. The European War, 1939-1941 15. The World War, 1941-1945 16. Balance and hegemony.

R. J. B. Bosworth

Papers

The Italian Navy and Fascist Expansionism, 1935-1940