Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials

Fly ash-based geopolymer: clean production, properties and applications

Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review

Copper slag is a by-product obtained during matte smelting and refining of copper. The common management options for copper slag are recycling, recovering of metal, production of value added products such as abrasive tools, roofing granules, cutting tools, abrasive, tiles, glass, road-base construction, railroad ballast, asphalt pavements. Despite increasing rate of reusing copper slag, the huge amount of its annual production is disposed in dumps or stockpiles to date. One of the greatest potential applications for reusing copper slag is in cement and concrete production. Many researchers have investigated the use of copper slag in the production of cement, mortar and concrete as raw materials for clinker, cement replacement, coarse and fine aggregates. The use of copper slag in cement and concrete provides potential environmental as well as economic benefits for all related industries, particularly in areas where a considerable amount of copper slag is produced. This paper reviews the characteristics of copper slag and its effects on the engineering properties of cement, mortars and concrete.

Utilization of copper slag in cement and concrete

Buffers for pH and Metal Ion Control

Copper slag, which is produced during pyrometallurgical production of copper from copper ores contains materials like iron, alumina, calcium oxide, silica etc. For every tonne of metal production about 2.2 ton of slag is generated. Dumping or disposal of such huge quantities of slag cause environmental and space problems. During the past two decades attempts have been made by several investigators and copper producing units all over the world to explore the possible utilisation of copper slag. The favourable physico-mechanical characteristics of copper slag can be utilised to make the products like cement, fill, ballast, abrasive, aggregate, roofing granules, glass, tiles etc. apart from recovering the valuable metals by various extractive metallurgical routes. This paper gives a review of characteristics of copper slag as well as various processes such as pyro, hydro and combination of pyro-hydrometallurgical methods for metal recovery and preparation of value added products from copper slag.

Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag—a review

Anode slime is the insoluble product deposited at the bottom of the electrorefining tank during electrorefining of copper. It generally contains Cu, Ni, Se, Te, Ag, Au, platinum group metals (PGM), Pb, Ba, Fe, etc. Owing to the presence of valuable metals and metalloids in the anode slime, numerous approaches have been made by the researchers to extract them following pyro-, pyrohydro-, hydropyro-, hydrometallurgical, etc. routes. In the present paper the various processing routes with the special emphasis on plant practice and precious metals recovery from anode slime have been described systematically. Since the understanding of the process chemistry is considerably aided by the formation and characterisation studies of the slime, these aspects have also been included.

Processing of copper electrorefining anode slime: a review

Adsorption of some bivalent heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by manganese nodule leached residues.

Ammoniacal leaching of roast reduced deep-sea manganese nodules

The most effective hydrometallurgical processing of anode slime is based on a chlorination route. However, it requires special attention with respect to pollution problems and construction materials. To minimize the problems, a new hydrometallurgical approach was pursued for the recovery of valuable metals and metalloids from copper electrorefining anode slime. The process involved the leaching of anode slime in sulfuric acid medium. At room temperature, sulfuric acid leaching without any additive resulted in poor recoveries of metals other than copper. With the addition of MnO2 to the leaching system at room temperature, an increase in the recovery values of copper, selenium, and tellurium was found. The recovery was further increased to 90% Cu, 37% Se, and 66% Te with an increase in temperature to 80 °C. However, the recoveries of Ni (13%), Au (trace), and Ag (9.5%) were poor. Satisfactory amounts of copper, selenium, tellurium, and gold were leached when both manganese dioxide and sodium chloride were ...

R K Jana

Papers

Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag—a review

Processing of copper electrorefining anode slime: a review

Adsorption of some bivalent heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by manganese nodule leached residues.

Ammoniacal leaching of roast reduced deep-sea manganese nodules

Some Studies on Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Anode Slime with Additives