The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) as a feedstock for the production of bio-diesel is rapidly growing. The properties of the crop and its oil have persuaded investors, policy makers and clean development mechanism (CDM) project developers to consider JCL as a substitute for fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, JCL is still a wild plant of which basic agronomic properties are not thoroughly understood and the environmental effects have not been investigated yet. Gray literature reports are very optimistic on simultaneous wasteland reclamation capability and oil yields, further fueling the Jatropha bio-diesel hype. In this paper, we give an overview of the currently available information on the different process steps of the production process of bio-diesel from JCL, being cultivation and production of seeds, extraction of the oil, conversion to and the use of the bio-diesel and the by-products. Based on this collection of data and information the best available practice, the shortcomings and the potential environmental risks and benefits are discussed for each production step. The review concludes with a call for general precaution and for science to be applied. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Jatropha bio-diesel production and use

A reviewer for the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society of England comments \"This is the first book covering in one volume all important topics in genetical statistics.\" Written to provide basic probability ideas in terms of genetic situations, since the theory of genetics is a probability theory; to give a definitive treatment of applications of these ideas to genetic theory; and to describe statistical methods appropriate to the data models that are developed.

An Introduction to Genetic Statistics

http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/08/30/000158349_20100830090558/Rendered/PDF/WPS5406.pdf

Second generation biofuels: Economics and policies

Biology and genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas L.: A review

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Claims and facts on Jatropha curcas L. : global Jatropha curcas evaluation. breeding and propagation programme

Results of a seed source evaluation trial of Jatropha curcas Linn. laid out in 1996 at Jabalpur (M.P), a semi arid region of India are reported and discussed. Seeds collected from ten sources from central India representing the states Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra viz. Gondia, Bichia, Balaghat, Niwas, Khandwa, Burhanpur, Nasik, Chindwara, Kundam and Jabalpur were evaluated for their growth performance from nursery stage (3 months) to field (two years). Variation in seed oil content of different sources were also studied and reported. Significant differences between the seed sources at age 27 months were observed for height, collar diameter, number of branches leaf area and field survival. Seeds collected from different sources also varied significantly in respect of seed and kernel weight and oil content in seed/kernel. The Chhindwara (M.P.) source performed the best and yielded a maximum oil of 39.12% from whole seed and 58.12% from kernel. The oil content ranged from 33.02 to 39.12% in whole seeds and 47.08 to 58.12% in kernel, across the seed sources. The performance of Kundam (M.P.), Jabalpur (M.P.), Bichia (M.P.), Niwas (M.P.) and Nasik (Maharashtra) sources were also found satisfactory for oil yield. Results indicate that genetic differences exist between the seed sources of J. curcas. The growth traits showed significant positive correlation with each other. Fair differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability were observed. Heritability (broad sense) values were fairly good with regard to leaf area, height and collar diameter in comparison to survival percent. The relative performance of these sources was fairly consistent throughout the observation period.

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Seed Source Variation in Growth Performance and Oil Yield of Jatropha curcas Linn. in Central India

Seed germination pattern of 30 provenances belonging to 5 subspecies of A. nilotica namely tomentosa, indica var. jaquemontii, indica var. cuppressiformis, nilotica , and indica from 5 countries namely India, Sudan, Pakistan, Yemen and Senegal were studied in nursery conditions. Provenances of A. nilotica from Pakistan showed a very good performance and depicted a parabolic (asymptotic) type of germination curve. However subsp. indica var. cuppressiformis from Pune (Maharashtra, India) gave maximum percentage of seed germination (75%). Significantly a good correlation was evident between cumulative seed germination&number of days elapsed. Relative delay in the initiation of seed germination was found maximum in provenances of subsp. tomentosa and subsp. nilotica .

Study on the Pattern of Seed Germination of Various Subspecies Cum Provenances of Acacia nilotica Willd. Ex. Del. Under Nursery Conditions

To avoid unnecessary delays, develop an RFID tag antenna using graphene material-based deep learning in this project. The Deep Learning RFID Tag Antenna, a one-atom thick two-dimensional carbon crystal based on graphene material, is suggested as a high-frequency antenna that could improve radio communications. The experimental results reveal that the deep learning method performs well and accurately in predicting the EM response of graphene-based materials, with an accuracy of over 99 percent and a time savings of at least 99 percent.

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Development of RFID Tag Antenna With Graphene Material Using Deep Learning

This paper presents a miniaturized fractal-shaped Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) for various wireless applications. The fractal approach helps to resonate the antenna at a lower resonating band with a fractional bandwidth of 15.74%. Also, it resonates from 4.50 - 24 GHz with a wider fractional bandwidth of 137%. It has a reflection coefficient below −10 dB and gain varies from 4 - 12.5 dBi within the frequency band. Numerical simulations have been performed and a bandwidth enhancement is achieved with a radiation efficiency of more than 90% over the resonating band. The designed multiband ultrawide AVA is applicable for medical, see-through walls, as well as C and X-band applications.

R. L. Srivastava

Papers

Seed Source Variation in Growth Performance and Oil Yield of Jatropha curcas Linn. in Central India

Study on the Pattern of Seed Germination of Various Subspecies Cum Provenances of Acacia nilotica Willd. Ex. Del. Under Nursery Conditions

Development of RFID Tag Antenna With Graphene Material Using Deep Learning

Design and Analysis of Fractal-based AVA for C and X-band Applications