A review of dynamic recrystallization phenomena in metallic materials

This chapter is aimed at describing the Monte Carlo method for the simulation of grain growth and recrystallization. It has also been extended to phase transformations and hybrid versions (Monte Carlo coupled with Cellular Automaton) of the model can also accommodate diffusion. If reading this chapter inspires you to program your own version of the algorithm and try to solve some problems, then we will have succeeded! The method is simple to implement and it is fairly straightforward to apply variable material properties such as anisotropic grain boundary energy and mobility. There are, however, some important limitations of the method that must be kept in mind. These limitations include an inherent lattice anisotropy that manifests itself in various ways. For many purposes, however, if you pay attention to what has been found to previous work, the model is robust and highly efficient from a computational perspective. In many circumstances, it is best to use the model to gain insight into a physical system and then obtain a new theoretical understanding, in preference to interpreting the results as being directly representative of a particular material. Please also keep in mind that the “Monte Carlo Method” described herein is a small subset of the broader use of Monte Carlo methods for which an excellent overview can be found in the book by Landau and Binder (2000).

The Monte Carlo Method

Friction stir welding/processing of metals and alloys: A comprehensive review on microstructural evolution

Coupled quantitative simulation of microstructural evolution and plastic flow during dynamic recrystallization

Microstructure and strengthening mechanisms in an FCC structured single-phase nanocrystalline Co25Ni25Fe25Al7.5Cu17.5 high-entropy alloy

The combination of deformation and heat in the nugget of friction stir welding (FSW) tends to transform by dynamic recrystallization the large grains of the base metal into a microstructure where the grains are completely equiaxed and strongly disorientated. To follow the different stages of dynamic recrystallization in the nugget, the evolution of the microstructure of two aluminum samples, cold rolled or annealed, is observed from the parent metal to the nugget using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The dynamic recrystallization mechanisms in each region of the weld strongly depend on the initial microstructural state of the aluminum sheet, in particular on the deformation energy stored. So, a static recrystallization prior to a continuous dynamic recrystallization was evidenced for the initially cold rolled Al alloy, while a geometric dynamic recrystallization occurred for the initially annealed microstructure. Fractions of low angle boundaries, crystallographic texture and grain size were compared in both weld nuggets.

Recrystallization mechanisms in 5251 H14 and 5251 O aluminum friction stir welds

Simulation of normal grain growth by cellular automata

EBSD study of hydrogen-induced cracking in API-5L-X46 pipeline steel

Influence of the Goss grain environment during secondary recrystallisation of conventional grain oriented Fe–3%Si steels

Annealing twin formation and recrystallization study of cold-drawn copper wires from EBSD measurements

R. Penelle

Papers

Recrystallization mechanisms in 5251 H14 and 5251 O aluminum friction stir welds

Simulation of normal grain growth by cellular automata

EBSD study of hydrogen-induced cracking in API-5L-X46 pipeline steel

Influence of the Goss grain environment during secondary recrystallisation of conventional grain oriented Fe–3%Si steels

Annealing twin formation and recrystallization study of cold-drawn copper wires from EBSD measurements