Little is known about the influence of cigarette smoking on the ability to smell; previous studies on this topic have led to contradictory findings and have failed to take into account smoking dose and duration. In the present study, the 40-odorant University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was administered to 638 subjects for whom detailed smoking histories were available. Smoking was found to be adversely associated with odor identification ability in a dose-related manner in both current and previous cigarette smokers. Among previous smokers, improvement in olfactory function was related to the time elapsed since the cessation of smoking. Logistic regression analysis found current smokers to be nearly twice as likely to evidence an olfactory deficit than persons who have never smoked. Overall, the data suggest that (1) smoking causes long-term but reversible adverse effects on the ability to smell and (2) the failure of some studies to demonstrate smoking effects may be caused by the inclusion of persons with a history of smoking in the nonsmoking groups. ( JAMA . 1990;263:1233-1236)

Dose-Related Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Olfactory Function

European Union Risk Assessment Report

A detailed literature review of human and animal toxicity studies of acrolein is presented, and information gaps identified that call for further investigation. Specific recommendations are suggested for additional short-/long-term studies, including chemical disposition and cytogenetic investigations. Two bibliographies are provided indicating the scope of the review: (1) literature actually cited and (2) literature examined but not included.

A critical review of the literature on acrolein toxicity.

The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the respiratory tract of laboratory rats and mice, with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the inter-net (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous developmental and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A widely acce...

Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse respiratory tract.

Respiratory tract lesions induced by sensory irritants at the RD50 concentration.

Toxicity of Methoxyacetic Acid in Rats

Male and female-Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 25 or 75 ppm (0, 0.10 or 0.31 mg/1) ethyl acrylate vapors, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 27 months. Additional rats and mice were exposed to 225 ppm (0.92 mg/1) for 6 months and then held for 21 additional months post-exposure.Histopathologic changes in olfactory portions of the nasal mucosa were present in animals in all of these three exposure groups. These microscopic exposure-related changes were concentration-dependent, primarily in terms of distribution of the lesions within the nasal cavity. Generally those areas of the nasal mucosa normally lined by olfactory epithelium were altered, while the regions lined by respiratory epithelium were relatively unaffected. There was no indication of an oncogenic response in any organ or tissue in either rats or mice.A follow-up study in which Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 5 ppm (0.02 mg/1) for 24-months revealed no treatment-related changes in the ...

R.R. Miller

Papers

Toxicity of Methoxyacetic Acid in Rats

Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity bioassay of inhaled ethyl acrylate in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Subchronic inhalation studies of styrene in CD rats and CD-1 mice.

Inhalation toxicity of acrylic acid.

Metabolism of Acrylate Esters in Rat Tissue Homogenates