Common methods for removing heavy metals have numerous drawbacks, including low efficiency and high costs. In the biosorption of heavy metals, ions biosorbed on surfaces and active sites of biosorbents. In this paper, the relationship between the factors (pH, temperature, biosorbent dosage, retention time and Functional groups) and removal efficiency has been investigated. The purpose of this work is to introduce optimal conditions for biosorption reaction. Also, by introducing various types of biosorbents, expressed the advantages and method of preparation for each one. In various papers, not all biosorption isotherm models have been mentioned, there are described various types of biosorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics models and important process data is set up for quick access to the tables.

Biosorption, an efficient method for removing heavy metals from industrial effluents: A Review

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/9448/1/Orzua_ICP.pdf

Exploitation of agro industrial wastes as immobilization carrier for solid-state fermentation

Development of artificial intelligence for modeling wastewater heavy metal removal: State of the art, application assessment and possible future research

Solid state fermentation is currently used in a range of applications including classical applications, such as enzyme or antibiotic production, recently developed products, such as bioactive compounds and organic acids, new trends regarding bioethanol and biodiesel as sources of alternative energy, and biosurfactant molecules with environmental purposes of valorising unexploited biomass. This work summarizes the diversity of applications of solid state fermentation to valorize biomass regarding alternative energy and environmental purposes. The success of applying solid state fermentation to a specific process is affected by the nature of specific microorganisms and substrates. An exhaustive number of microorganisms able to grow in a solid matrix are presented, including fungus such as Aspergillus or Penicillum for antibiotics, Rhizopus for bioactive compounds, Mortierella for biodiesel to bacteria, Bacillus for biosurfactant production, or yeast for bioethanol.

Solid state fermentation (SSF): diversity of applications to valorize waste and biomass

Demand for biopesticides is growing due to the increase of areas under integrated pest management worldwide. Conidia from entomopathogenic fungi play a major role as infective units in the current market of biopesticides. Success in a massive production of fungal conidia include the use of proper long-term conservation microbial methods, aimed at preserving the phenotypic traits of the strains. The development of suitable inoculants should also be considered since that favours a rapid germination and invasiveness of the substrate in solid state cultures (SSC). After the selection of a suitable fungal strain, proven optimization approaches for SSC mainly include the combination of substrates, moisture, texturizers, aeration and moderate stress to induce conidiation. Nonetheless, during storage and upon application in open fields, conidia either as free propagules or imbibed in formulations are subjected to stress due to abiotic factors, then quality should be preserved to resist such harsh conditions. All of these topics are analysed in this report.

Production of conidia by entomopathogenic fungi: from inoculants to final quality tests

Statistical optimization of process variables for the large-scale production of Metarhizium anisopliae conidiospores in solid-state fermentation.

Applications of Box–Behnken experimental design coupled with artificial neural networks for biosorption of low concentrations of cadmium using Spirulina (Arthrospira) spp.

Most of the photocatalytic studies for pollutant degradation are based on optimizing a single parameter that results in a non-linear relationship between the overall parameters and the photo-degradation reactions. To address this critical problem, herein, we report the use of Response Surface Methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) for modeling the photocatalysis degradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye using nano TiO2 as photocatalyst. The catalyst characterizations are carried out using XRD, SEM, and TEM, indicating that the TiO2 prepared by sol-gel synthesis possesses Anatase phase with particles in the nano regime and porous surface morphology. The optimum operating conditions for degradation of MG was identified by the interactive effects of variable factors such as initial dye concentration 10-30 ppm (x1), catalyst dosage 1-3 mg (x2), contact time 20-60 min (x3) using the Box-Behnken method. Furthermore, the degradation reactions are also evaluated by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Their predicted results have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable. Their optimal results to achieve 90% degradation efficiency at TiO2 nanoparticle dosage (3 mg), reaction time (60 min), and initial dye concentration (20 ppm) have been validated by the experimental studies and found to be acceptable.

/pdf/applications-of-artificial-neural-network-and-box-behnken-45fpp441h3.pdf

Applications of artificial neural network and Box-Behnken Design for modelling malachite green dye degradation from textile effluents using TiO 2 photocatalyst

/pdf/ultrasonication-assisted-bligh-and-dyer-method-for-1pwn4s1lcm.pdf

Ultrasonication Assisted Bligh and Dyer Method for Extraction of Lipids from Green Algae

The feasibility of saw palmetto fruit (Serenoa repens) waste as a low-cost bio-sorbent for treating methylene blue dye from synthetic textile effluent was evaluated. Two different types viz., untreated and alkaline treated saw palmetto fruit waste was tested to immobilize methylene blue dye from the synthetic effluent solution. Out of these two, the only alkaline treated saw palmetto fruit waste was found suitable for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous streams. With the untreated saw palmetto fruit waste, the sorption of dye increased with time and after reaching equilibrium, back diffusion of\nthe sorbed dye was observed. Equilibrium sorption and kinetic studies were performed with alkaline treated saw palmetto fruit waste and the parameters affecting the sorption process such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, equilibrium time and temperature were analyzed. The kinetic data generated obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The investigated removal capacity of the saw palmetto fruit waste for the methylene blue dye was comparable with the available sorbents.

/pdf/removal-of-methylene-blue-dye-using-saw-palmetto-fruit-3idj64e48x.pdf

R.R. Siva Kiran

Papers

Statistical optimization of process variables for the large-scale production of Metarhizium anisopliae conidiospores in solid-state fermentation.

Applications of Box–Behnken experimental design coupled with artificial neural networks for biosorption of low concentrations of cadmium using Spirulina (Arthrospira) spp.

Applications of artificial neural network and Box-Behnken Design for modelling malachite green dye degradation from textile effluents using TiO 2 photocatalyst

Ultrasonication Assisted Bligh and Dyer Method for Extraction of Lipids from Green Algae

Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Using Saw Palmetto Fruit (Serenoa repens) Waste