Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 2008"

TL;DR: This review provides a detailed summary of the research conducted on the inhibition of anaerobic processes and indicates that co-digestion with other waste, adaptation of microorganisms to inhibitory substances, and incorporation of methods to remove or counteract toxicants before an aerobic digestion can significantly improve the waste treatment efficiency.

TL;DR: The different technologies for producing fuel ethanol from sucrose-containing feedstocks (mainly sugar cane, starchy materials and lignocellulosic biomass) are described along with the major research trends for improving them.

TL;DR: In this review, an extensive list of plant wastes as adsorbents including rice husks, spent grain, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, fruit wastes, weeds and others has been compiled and some of the treated adsorbent show good adsorption capacities.

TL;DR: After mechanical treatments of cryocrushing, disintegration and defibrillation, the thermal properties of the nanofibers were studied by the TGA technique and found to increase dramatically and is reasonably promising for the use of these nanofiber types in reinforced-polymer manufacturing.

TL;DR: Current optimisation techniques associated with anaerobic digestion are reviewed and possible areas where improvements could be made are suggested, including the basic design considerations of a single or multi-stage reactor configuration, the type, power and duration of the mixing regime and the retention of active microbial biomass within the reactor.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided the scattered available information on various aspects of utilization of the agricultural waste materials for heavy metal removal, which can be exploited for high efficiency and multiple reuse to enhance their applicability at industrial scale.

TL;DR: The heavy metal adsorption capacities for these modified cellulose materials were found to be significant and levels of uptake were comparable, in many instances, to both other naturally occurring adsorbent materials and commercial ion exchange type resins.

TL;DR: Various photobioreactors that are very promising for mass production of algae are discussed and their applications in algal mass cultures are discussed.

TL;DR: A technique to produce biodiesel from crude Jatropha curcas seed oil (CJCO) having high free fatty acids (15%FFA) has been developed and the high FFA level of JCJO was reduced to less than 1% by a two-step pretreatment process.

TL;DR: From a technical point of view, these bio-based composites will enhance mechanical strength and acoustic performance, reduce material weight and fuel consumption, lower production cost, improve passenger safety and shatterproof performance under extreme temperature changes, and improve biodegradability for the auto interior parts.

TL;DR: The economic feasibility of algal mass culture for biodiesel production is enhanced by the increase in biomass productivity and storage lipids and a simple and rapid method determining the lipid accumulation in C. vulgaris with spectrofluorimetry was developed.

TL;DR: The use of tert-butanol as solvent, continuous removal of glycerol, stepwise addition of methanol, and continual removal of Glycerol are found to reduce the inhibitory effects thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of the enzymatic process.

TL;DR: In conclusion, inhibition of microalgal growth cultured in the system with high CO2 (10-15%) aeration could be overcome via a high-density culture of micro algal inoculum that was adapted to 2% CO2 and biological reduction of CO2 in the established system could be parallely increased using the photobioreactor consisting of multiple units.

TL;DR: The different options for thermal conversion and behaviour under combustion and pyrolysis have been evaluated and compared to several types of terrestrial biomass including Miscanthus, short rotation Willow coppice and Oat straw.

TL;DR: Integration of biological and thermal-based conversion technologies in a farm-scale hybrid design by combining an algal CO2-fixation treatment requiring less than 27,000m2 of treatment area with the energy recovery component of wet gasification can drastically reduce CO2 emissions and efficiently recycle nutrients.

TL;DR: Chitin from squid pens did not require steeping in sodium hydroxide solution and showed much higher reactivity towards deacetylation in the autoclave that even after 15 min of heating a degree of deacetyation of 90% was achieved.

TL;DR: The obtained data indicate that despite of short landfill's lifetime some parameters e.g. high pH, low COD concentration, low BOD(5)/COD ratio and low heavy metal concentration indicated that the landfill was characterized by methanogenic conditions already at the beginning of the monitoring period.

TL;DR: It was concluded that the rice husk column can remove CR from solution andThomas model was found suitable for the normal description of breakthrough curve at the experimental condition, while Adams-Bohart model was only for a initial part of dynamic behavior of the rice Husk column.

TL;DR: Overall, M. oleifera oil appears to be an acceptable feedstock for biodiesel, and the methyl esters obtained from this oil exhibit a high cetane number, one of the highest found for a biodiesel fuel.

TL;DR: The findings of the present study suggest that antifungal and herbicidal properties of the oil can be attributed to its major component, carvacrol, and these agents have a potential to be used as fungicide, herbicide as well as insecticide.

TL;DR: The digestibility results showed that lignin content and biomass crystallinity dominated digestibility whereas acetyl content had a lesser effect andCrystallinity reduction tremendously increased the initial hydrolysis rate and reduced the Hydrolysis time or the amount of enzyme required to attain high digestibility.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers with different food and energy sources concluded that autotrophs are more effective in denitrification.

TL;DR: Preparation of the activated carbons from sunflower oil cake by sulphuric acid activation with different impregnation ratios was carried out and the favorable nature of the isotherm of the MB activated carbon system was revealed.

TL;DR: Investigations on the removal behaviour of these metals indicated that rough solid media with the presence of carbonate were beneficial for the removal process, and Adsorption and precipitation as metals oxide and probably as metals Carbonate were among the two mechanisms that contributed to the removal of metals from solution.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that biohydrogen production can be very efficiently coupled with a subsequent step of methane production and that sweet sorghum could be an ideal substrate for a combined gaseous biofuels production.

TL;DR: The correlation results suggested that the pseudo-second-order model was the best choice among all the kinetic models to describe the adsorption behavior of Au(III), Pt(IV) and Pd(II) onto GMCCR.

TL;DR: Current uses of immobilized microalgae include metabolite production, culture collection handling, obtaining of energy and removing of undesired or valuable substances from media (nutrients, metals and different pollutant agents).

TL;DR: Of the three chemical reagents under evaluation only ZnCl2 produced activated carbons with high surface areas, which was compared to regular two-stage physical activation methods.

TL;DR: Projected annual operational costs are very high on a per animal basis ($780 per cow) and within the context of reducing nutrient inputs in sensitive watersheds such as the Chesapeake Bay, projected operational costs of $11 per kgN are well below the costs cited for upgrading existing water treatment plants.

TL;DR: Based on the content of free fatty acids and phosphorus, lipids accumulated from sewage sludge could serve as a substrate for the production of biodiesel.