the Enteric nervous system , the Enteric nervous system , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

The Enteric Nervous System

https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ani/GB's%20PDF%20file%20copies/CV1327(online).pdf

Historical review: ATP as a neurotransmitter

https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013648

Review lecture. Neurotransmitters and trophic factors in the autonomic nervous system.

High-resolution electron microscopy has revealed that the regions of contact between smooth muscle cells from dog intestine are areas of fusion of adjacent cell membranes. For morphological and functional reasons this type of contact between excitable cells has been termed a nexus.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/137/3531/670.2.full.pdf

Intercellular Connection between Smooth Muscle Cells: the Nexus.

With the technical advances of the past few decades, there has been increasing emphasis in neurophysiology and neuropharmacology on studies at the cellular and subcellular levels, as illustrated by most of the chapters in the present volume. The magnitudes and sequences of the electrical signs associated with neuronal activity could be defined accurately only after the development of reliable single unit and intracellular recording techniques. At the same time, the electron microscope has yielded knowledge of the morphological details of nervous tissue well beyond its known physiological correlates. However, the chemistry of the structures and specific reactions involved in nervous function can for the most part be described only at the tissue or relatively gross cellular level, and the cytological details as to where the various reactions occur are largely conjectural.

Cytological Distributions and Physiological Functions of Cholinesterases

A number of papers have dealt with the effects of drugs on the rate and height of action potentials in smooth muscle (cf. Bozler, 1948; Biilbring, 1956), but there are relatively few descriptions of changes in the resting potential. This is probably because an external electrode technique has not been available and resting potential measurements with internal electrodes are difficult to make, owing to the small size and spontaneous motility of the smooth muscle fibres (Biilbring, 1955). A few years ago Staimpfli (1954) described a relatively simple method for measuring the full value of the resting potential with external electrodes. His method is based on the theoretical calculation that the full value of the membrane potential can be measured with external electrodes on a core conductor, when the short-circuiting is negligible (Hodgkin & Rushton, 1946). Staimpfli obtained this condition by increasing the outside resistance of the preparation in the interpolar region by replacing most of the ions in the interstitial fluid with a nearly ion-free sucrose solution. This method has so far been applied to bundles of myelinated nerve fibres (Stampfli & Straub, 1954), and to non-medullated fibres (Ritchie & Straub, 1956, 1957), where action potentials were also recorded. The present paper deals with the application of this technique to smooth muscle.

https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/jphysiol.1958.sp005924

R. W. Straub

Papers

A method for studying the effects of ions and drugs on the resting and action potentials in smooth muscle with external electrodes.