Influence of exposed facets, morphology and hetero-interfaces of BiVO4 on photocatalytic water oxidation: A review

Lepidopteran insects are one of the most widespread and speciose lineages on Earth, with many common pests and beneficial insect species. The evolutionary success of their diversification depends on the essential functions of gut microorganisms. This diverse gut microbiota of lepidopteran insects provides benefits in nutrition and reproductive regulation and plays an important role in the defence against pathogens, enhancing host immune homeostasis. In addition, gut symbionts have shown promising applications in the development of novel tools for biological control, biodegradation of waste, and blocking the transmission of insect-borne diseases. Even though most microbial symbionts are unculturable, the rapidly expanding catalogue of microbial genomes and the application of modern genetic techniques offer a viable alternative for studying these microbes. Here, we discuss the gut structure and microbial diversity of lepidopteran insects, as well as advances in the understanding of symbiotic relationships and interactions between hosts and symbionts. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the function of the gut microbiota, including in host nutrition and metabolism, immune defence, and potential mechanisms of detoxification. Due to the relevance of lepidopteran pests in agricultural production, it can be expected that the research on the interactions between lepidopteran insects and their gut microbiota will be used for biological pest control and protection of beneficial insects in the future.

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Diversity and Functional Roles of the Gut Microbiota in Lepidopteran Insects

Power electronics-based electrolyzer systems are prevalently in current use. This paper proposes the more recently employed directly coupled photovoltaic (PV) electrolyzer systems. Equipped with accurate electrical models of the advanced alkaline electrolyzer, PV system and Hydrogen storage tank simulated using MATLAB, the system's performance for a full week is analyzed using Miami, Florida's meteorological data. A multi-level Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization facilitates maximum hydrogen production, minimum excess power generation, and minimum energy transfer loss. The crucial effect of temperature on the overall system performance is also accounted for by optimizing this parameter using GA, maintaining operating conditions close to the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV array. The results of the analysis have been documented to show that the optimal system for a 10 kW electrolyzer can produce, on an average, Hydrogen of 0.0176 mol/s, when the system is operating with 6.3% power loss and 2.4% power transfer loss.

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Performance evaluation of optimal photovoltaic-electrolyzer system with the purpose of maximum Hydrogen storage

With the increase in world population, the demography of humans is estimated to be exceeded and it has become a major challenge to provide an adequate amount of food, feed, and agricultural products majorly in developing countries. The use of chemical fertilizers causes the plant to grow efficiently and rapidly to meet the food demand. The drawbacks of using a higher quantity of chemical or synthetic fertilizers are environmental pollution, persistent changes in the soil ecology, physiochemical composition, decreasing agricultural productivity and cause several health hazards. Climatic factors are responsible for enhancing abiotic stress on crops, resulting in reduced agricultural productivity. There are various types of abiotic and biotic stress factors like soil salinity, drought, wind, improper temperature, heavy metals, waterlogging, and different weeds and phytopathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes which attack plants, reducing crop productivity and quality. There is a shift toward the use of biofertilizers due to all these facts, which provide nutrition through natural processes like zinc, potassium and phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, production of hormones, siderophore, various hydrolytic enzymes and protect the plant from different plant pathogens and stress conditions. They provide the nutrition in adequate amount that is sufficient for healthy crop development to fulfill the demand of the increasing population worldwide, eco-friendly and economically convenient. This review will focus on biofertilizers and their mechanisms of action, role in crop productivity and in biotic/abiotic stress tolerance.

Overview of biofertilizers in crop production and stress management for sustainable agriculture

In this paper, the Accident Reduction Model (ARM) technique has been used to analyze different critical criteria in various industries. This ARM technique is used to determine the conclusions of the decision-making process. Valid data is obtained in the structure of the IoT with proper and consistent and useful information. The network address utility allows efficient sensor data. The necessary configuration procedure effectively monitors relevant sensor boundary values. Finally, we have ensured that the system will be able to provide dynamic performance in an IoT-based use of low-cost estimates and lower execution time.

Novel Predictive Control and Monitoring System based on IoT for Evaluating Industrial Safety Measures

Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment. Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. This review throws light on the role of PSMs in modulating multi-trophic interactions, contributing to the knowledge of plant-herbivore interactions to enable their management in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.

/pdf/plant-secondary-metabolites-as-defense-tools-against-2xw6v4zr.pdf

Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection

India is blessed with rich solar energy and if exploited efficiently, the country has the potential of producing trillion-kilowatts of electricity. Sunlight is converted to electricity directly when made to fall on solar photovoltaic (SPV) modules. Systems /devices are made for various applications based on SPV modules connected with suitably designed power conditioning units for meeting electricity requirements. These systems/devices are designed to work in off-grid mode (usually supported with batteries to allow use when sunlight is low or during night). In recent years solar PV systems became viable and attractive. Utility scale plants are being set up worldwide with promotional mechanisms which are set up on ground surface. Available roof-top area on the buildings can also be used for setting up solar PV power plants, and thus dispensing with the requirement of free land area. The electricity generated from SPV systems can also be fed to the distribution or transmission grid after conditioning to suit grid Integration.Currently, whole world is in the midst of an energy revolution that is fundamentally changing the future of rural electrification. So we present a review in this paper on todays policy and status of grid connected roof top PV system in Rajasthan.

https://www.ijedr.org/download.php?file=IJEDR1501059.pdf

Grid Connected Roof Top Solar Power Generation: A Review

The sun produces an unbelievable amount of energy that reaches the earth. The amount of energy that is absorbed by the earth in one hour is more energy than mankind uses in one year. The total amount of solar energy reaching the earth in one year is huge twice as much energy as ever existed from all sources of coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium combined. With its abundance of sunlight, India has tremendous potential to emerge as one of the leaders in solar power generation. According to the Government of India's policy for the solar sector - Jawaharlal Nehru Nationaln Solar Mission (JNNSM) - a target of 20 GW of solar installations by 2022 has been set. India is endowed with vast solar energy potential, About 5,000 trillion kWh per year energy is incident over India's land area with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq. m per day. Solar energy intensity varies geographically in India, but Western thar Rajasthan receives the highest annual solar radiation energy. Its western thar part blessed with abundant natural resource with more then 325 days of sunshine every year. Jodhpur , popularly known as the sun city of india. A dedicated 400 kV network with associated 220 & 132 kV strong transmission network in Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner area was created. Indeed, Rajasthan is the only State in India which has established a strong power evacuation network in desert area. Hence current status, various issues, regulatory policies and incentives for promotion of Solar PV Power Parks in Rajasthan along with a case study , site report and geotechnical investigation for Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant has been discussed in this Paper.

https://www.ijedr.org/papers/IJEDR1501016.pdf

The Most Promising Solar Hot Spots in India Development and Policy: The Thar Desert of Rajasthan

Population growth and per capita income have contributed to increasing vehicle ownership and presence on roads worldwide. Increasing traffic on roads is one of the prime causes of road accidents. A large proportion of people die prematurely in road accidents. It is almost impossible to predict before the accident happens. Also, there may be some accident prevention mechanisms and early warning systems, but it is hard to avert road accidents wholly. This paper has explained in detail, the designing and implementation of a crash notifier system.

Design and Implementation of a System for Vehicle Accident Reporting and Tracking

In this paper, a detailed modeling and simulation of solar cell/ wind turbine/ fuel cell hybrid power system is developed using a novel topology to complement each other and to alleviate the effects of environmental variations. Comparing with the other sources , the renewable energy is inexhaustible and has non-pollution characteristics. The solar energy, wind power, hydraulic power and tidal energy are natural resources of the interest to generate electrical power. As the wind turbine output power varies with the wind speed and the solar cell output power varies with both the ambient temperature and radiation, a fuel cell with ultra capacitor bank can be integrated to ensure that the system performs under all conditions. Excess wind and solar energies when available are converted to hydrogen using electrolysis for later use in the fuel cell. In this paper dynamic modeling of various components of this isolated system system is presented. Transient responses of the system to step change in the load, ambient temperature, radiation, and wind speed in a number of possible situations are studied. Modeling and simulations are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software packages to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed hybrid power system can tolerate the rapid change in natural conditions and suppress the effects of these fluctuations on the voltage within the acceptable range.The proposed system can be used for off grid power generation in non interconnected areas or remote isolated communities of nation.

Radhey Shyam Meena

Papers

Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection

Grid Connected Roof Top Solar Power Generation: A Review

The Most Promising Solar Hot Spots in India Development and Policy: The Thar Desert of Rajasthan

Design and Implementation of a System for Vehicle Accident Reporting and Tracking

PV-Wind System with Fuel Cell & Electrolyzer