자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

https://cobe.paginas.ufsc.br/files/2014/10/GRADE-guidelines-32.pdf

GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence

Sustainable Development Goals

https://www.commed.vcu.edu/Chronic_Disease/2012/cochranrvwrschbias.pdf

The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing

OBJECTIVE. To calculate the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder at 7 years of age by using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria in a large UK birth cohort. METHODS. Cases of developmental coordination disorder were defined by using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK birth cohort. The motor coordination of >7000 children was assessed by using tests that measured manual dexterity, ball skills, and balance. The 5th percentile of the derived Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children coordination impairment score was used to define severe motor coordination difficulties. Data from national handwriting tests and an activities-of-daily-living scale quantified the impact of poor coordination on daily life. Children with known neurologic conditions or an IQ of RESULTS. Complete data were available from 6990 children aged 7 to 8 years who attended the coordination session and completed the writing test or activities-of-daily-living scale. One hundred twenty-three children met criteria for developmental coordination disorder, resulting in a prevalence of 18 of 1000 children at a mean age of 7.5 years (SD: 2.9 months). An additional 223 children were considered as having “probable developmental coordination disorder” by using broader cut-offs for coordination testing and activities of daily living. There was an increased risk of developmental coordination disorder in families from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, in children with a birth weight of CONCLUSIONS. This is the first study to use strict criteria to define the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in a representative cohort of UK children. A prevalence of 1.8% is lower than studies that have not taken into account the impact of poor motor coordination on daily living but indicates that poor coordination is an important, and often hidden, cause of disability in childhood.

Prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder Using the DSM-IV at 7 Years of Age: A UK Population–Based Study

Objectives: To investigate whether measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination is associated with bowel problems and developmental regression in children with autism, looking for evidence of a “new variant” form of autism. Design: Population study with case note review linked to independently recorded vaccine data. Setting: Five health districts in north east London. Participants: 278 children with core autism and 195 with atypical autism, mainly identified from computerised disability registers and born between 1979 and 1998. Main outcome measures: Recorded bowel problems lasting at least three months, age of reported regression of the child9s development where it was a feature, and relation of these to MMR vaccination. Results: The proportion of children with developmental regression (25% overall) or bowel symptoms (17%) did not change significantly (P value for trend 0.50 and 0.47, respectively) during the 20 years from 1979, a period which included the introduction of MMR vaccination in October 1988. No significant difference was found in rates of bowel problems or regression in children who received the MMR vaccine before their parents became concerned about their development (where MMR might have caused or triggered the autism with regression or bowel problem), compared with those who received it only after such concern and those who had not received the MMR vaccine. A possible association between non-specific bowel problems and regression in children with autism was seen but this was unrelated to MMR vaccination. Conclusions: These findings provide no support for an MMR associated “new variant” form of autism with developmental regression and bowel problems, and further evidence against involvement of MMR vaccine in the initiation of autism. What is already known on this topic A “new variant” form of autism has been hypothesised, associated with developmental regression and bowel problems and caused or triggered by the MMR vaccination This postulated association along with media attention has had a major adverse effect on public confidence in the vaccine Although population studies have shown no association between autism and MMR vaccine it has been further postulated that various environmental or genetic cofactors are required for the effect What this study adds The proportion of children with autism who had developmental regression or bowel problems has not changed over the 20 years from 1979 Neither developmental regression nor bowel problems in children with autism was associated with MMR vaccination No evidence was found for a “new variant” form of autism

https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/324/7334/393.full.pdf

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations between probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD) defined at age 7 years and mental health difficulties at age 9 to 10 years.

Mental Health Difficulties in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention, language, social skills, and academic ability in a population-based cohort. METHODS: We analyzed data (N = 6902) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Probable DCD was defined as children below the 15th centile of the ALSPAC Coordination Test aged 7 years with functional impairment in activities of daily living or handwriting, excluding children with neurologic difficulties or an IQ of RESULTS: A total of 346 (5.0%) children met criteria for probable DCD. Probable DCD was associated with difficulties in attention (odds ratio [OR]: 1.94 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–3.24]), nonword repetition (OR: 1.83 [95% CI: 1.26–2.66]), social communication (OR: 1.87 [95% CI: 1.15–3.04]), reading (OR: 3.35 [95% CI: 2.36–4.77]), and spelling (OR: 2.81 [95% CI: 2.03–3.90]). CONCLUSIONS: Children with probable DCD had an increased risk of difficulties in attention, social skills, reading, and spelling. These additional difficulties need to be screened for during assessment and considered when formulating interventions.

Raghu Lingam

Papers

Prevalence of Developmental Coordination Disorder Using the DSM-IV at 7 Years of Age: A UK Population–Based Study

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study.

Mental Health Difficulties in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

The association between developmental coordination disorder and other developmental traits.

COVID-19 public health measures and respiratory syncytial virus