Showing papers by "Rajeev K. Sukumaran published in 2023"

Early cellular events and potential regulators of cellulase induction in Penicillium janthinellum NCIM 1366

Abstract: Cellulase production by fungi is tightly regulated in response to environmental cues, and understanding this mechanism is a key pre-requisite in the efforts to improve cellulase secretion. Based on UniProt descriptions of secreted Carbohydrate Active enZymes (CAZymes), 13 proteins of the cellulase hyper-producer Penicillium janthinellum NCIM 1366 (PJ-1366) were annotated as cellulases- 4 cellobiohydrolases (CBH), 7 endoglucanases (EG) and 2 beta glucosidases (BGL). Cellulase, xylanase, BGL and peroxidase activities were higher for cultures grown on a combination of cellulose and wheat bran, while EG was stimulated by disaccharides. Docking studies indicated that the most abundant BGL- Bgl2- has different binding sites for the substrate cellobiose and the product glucose, which helps to alleviate feedback inhibition, probably accounting for the low level of glucose tolerance exhibited. Out of the 758 transcription factors (TFs) differentially expressed on cellulose induction, 13 TFs were identified whose binding site frequencies on the promoter regions of the cellulases positively correlated with their abundance in the secretome. Further, correlation analysis of the transcriptional response of these regulators and TF-binding sites on their promoters indicated that cellulase expression is possibly preceded by up-regulation of 12 TFs and down-regulation of 16 TFs, which cumulatively regulate transcription, translation, nutrient metabolism and stress response.

Comparison of the solid-state and submerged fermentation derived secretomes of hyper-cellulolytic Penicillium janthinellum NCIM 1366 reveals the changes responsible for differences in hydrolytic performance.

Abstract: Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) have often been compared for production of biomass hydrolyzing enzymes highlighting the superiority of the SSF produced enzymes, but the reasons for the performance differences are under-explored. Penicillium janthinellum NCIM 1366 culture extracts from SSF had better hydrolytic performance along with a higher initial rate of reaction. Secretome analyses of the SSF and SmF enzymes using LC/MS-MS, indicated that while the type of proteins secreted were similar in both modes, the abundance of specific beta glucosidases, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and hemicellulolytic enzymes were very high in SSF resulting in efficient initiation, low accumulation of cellobiose and high initial reaction rates. Key enzymes that catalyse lignocellulose breakdown under SSF and SmF are therefore different and the fungus may be speculated to have regulation mechanisms that aid differential expression under different cultivation modes.

Potency of Yoga Therapy on Physiological Variables in Male’s Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)

Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy, a form of nerve damage brought on by diabetes and abnormally high blood sugar, was one of the chronic consequences. Studies reveal that the prevalence of Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is high and riskier in Males than Females. Also, DPN participants have been examined crucially for physiological variables such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index. This study aimed to analyze the potency of Yoga therapy on physiological variables in Males of the age group 35 to 70 having DPN. Yoga connects a person's physical, mental, and spiritual aspects to enhance their health and well-being. It has been proven to treat neurological diseases using Yoga therapy by combining the practice of focused posture (asana), controlled breathing (Pranayama), and meditation. Studies proved 30 males with DPN, 15 in each group, were chosen for the study from the Chennai & Chengalpattu district, Tamilnadu, India. The Experimental Group, Group-I, received a Yoga therapy practice and the control group, Group II, underwent it without any practice. The 12-week training period, six days per week, an hour in the morning. Paired sample t-test was conducted to analyze the data. The calculated 't' value of systolic, diastolic and BMI are 3.486, 2.828, and 1.060, respectively, for Group I and -0.371, -1.547, and -1.792 for Group II. The result shows that the negative t value of Group II shows no significant change in the physiological variables, and Group I data shows a significant improvement in the physiological variables. The calculated 't' value is greater than the table value of 2.14 with a degree of freedom of 14, except for BMI. An extension of the training period is suggested to improve the BMI value. This research study reveals that Yoga Therapy was a significantly more effective treatment for DPN.