A copper helical coil antenna was developed, characterized, and optimized for 2.45 GHz operations supplied by a microwave semiconductor oscillator. The application field of interest is laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy enhanced by microwave. Simulations using the Ansys HFSS demonstrate the superior localized E-field strength of the helical coil antenna, compared with other antenna-type structures. Simulation results show that E-field strength at the tip of the antenna has a logarithmic trend for increasing the coil pitch. The optimum pitch is 5 mm for a coil diameter of 6.5 mm upon consideration of the system compactness. Despite the antenna’s open-circuit end, the presence of target samples does not interfere with the E-field and H-field distribution of the antenna and the surrounding environment. Applications in microwave-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (MWLIBS) confirm the importance of the antenna reflector. The electric field strength was over 100 times higher than the previous capacitor-like antenna. The antenna configuration angle was then experimentally optimized for maximum enhancement effects in the spectrochemical analysis of Al2O3. The antenna angle of 60° from the laser beam propagation achieved maximum enhancement in the emission signal of Al I.

/pdf/antenna-characteristics-of-helical-coil-with-2-45-ghz-3s8eox4g.pdf

Antenna Characteristics of Helical Coil with 2.45 GHz Semiconductor Microwave for Microwave-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (MW-LIBS)

Propagation characteristics of millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies that are being explored for implementing 5G network are quite different from sub 3GHz frequencies in which 4G network is operating, and hence antenna design for mmW 5G network is going to be significantly different. The purpose of this paper is to bring forth the unique challenges and opportunities of planar antenna design for mmW 5G network.,A lot of notable contemporary work has been investigated for this study and reported in this paper. A comparison of 4G and 5G technologies has been carried out to understand the difference between the air interface of two technologies that governs the antenna design. Important research gaps found after collating the work already done in the field have been bullet pointed for the use by many researchers working in this direction.,Several antenna design considerations have been laid out by the authors of this work, and it has been claimed that mmW 5G antenna design must satisfy these design considerations. In addition, prominent research gaps have been identified and thoroughly discussed.,As research in the field of mmW antenna design for 5G applications is still evolving, a lot of work is currently being done in this area. This study can prove to be important in understanding different challenges, opportunities and current state-of-art in the field of mmW planar antenna design for 5G cellular communication.

Design considerations for implementation of planar antennas for millimeter wave (mmW) 5G network: a review

Power electronic systems have a great impact on modern society. Their applications target a more sustainable future by minimizing the negative impacts of industrialization on the environment, such as global warming effects and greenhouse gas emission. Power devices based on wide band gap (WBG) material have the potential to deliver a paradigm shift in regard to energy efficiency and working with respect to the devices based on mature silicon (Si). Gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) have been treated as one of the most promising WBG materials that allow the performance limits of matured Si switching devices to be significantly exceeded. WBG-based power devices enable fast switching with lower power losses at higher switching frequency and hence, allow the development of high power density and high efficiency power converters. This paper reviews popular SiC and GaN power devices, discusses the associated merits and challenges, and finally their applications in power electronics.

/pdf/wide-band-gap-devices-and-their-application-in-power-r05o20z8.pdf

Wide Band Gap Devices and Their Application in Power Electronics

Handover management over dual connectivity in 5G technology with future ultra-dense mobile heterogeneous networks: A review

This chapter will investigate the detail of available device technologies, as applicable to 5G, as well the research required in the near future that would enable these technologies to promote the emergence of 6G as envisioned in Chap. 1. Alternative technologies, including nanotubes manufactured from graphene and carbon, which may become the technologies of the future, will also be considered in this chapter. Secondly, this chapter will briefly look at the specifics of electronic design at millimeter and terahertz frequencies, which differs from regular electronics design in many respects. Specifically, any electronic circuit that is involved in signal processing in either a transmitter or a receiver requires a specific design methodology, that typically differs from the design of low-frequency equivalents. These specialized circuits include modulators, oscillators, filters, power amplifiers and LNAs, to name a few. Lastly, it should be noted that packaging has a much greater influence on circuits operating at high frequencies than on low-frequency circuitry, which opens up an opportunity for a short discussion on millimeter-wave and terahertz packaging approaches.

Rajendra Pratap

Papers

Semiconductor technologies for 5G implementation at millimeter wave frequencies – Design challenges and current state of work

Design considerations for implementation of planar antennas for millimeter wave (mmW) 5G network: a review