BIOE 402. Medical Technology Assessment. 2 or 3 hours. Bioentrepreneur course. Assessment of medical technology in the context of commercialization. Objectives, competition, market share, funding, pricing, manufacturing, growth, and intellectual property; many issues unique to biomedical products. Course Information: 2 undergraduate hours. 3 graduate hours. Prerequisite(s): Junior standing or above and consent of the instructor.

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The abundance of organic solid waste throughout the world has become a common issue that needs complete management at every level. Also, the scarcity of fuel and the competition between food and substance as an alternative to a petroleum-based product has become a major problem that needs to be properly handled. An urge to find renewable substances for sustainable development results in a strategy to valorize organic solid waste using solid state fermentation (SSF) and to manage the issue of solid wastes in a green approach. This paper reviews management of solid wastes using SSF, with regard to its current application, advantages and challenges, downstream processing in SSF, economic viewpoint, and future perspectives.

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Solid-State Fermentation as a Novel Paradigm for Organic Waste Valorization: A Review

Fermentation-enabled wellness foods: A fresh perspective

A novel extracellular protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCM B-327: enzyme production and its partial characterization.

Bacillus subtilis spores have important biotechnological applications; however, achieving both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies in fermentation, is poorly reported. In this study, medium components and culture conditions were optimized with different statistical methods to increase spore production of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria B. subtilis EA-CB0575. Key medium components were determined with Plackett–Burman (PB) design, and the optimum concentration levels of two components (glucose, MgSO4·7H2O) were optimized with a full factorial and central composite design, achieving 1.37 × 109 CFU/mL of spore cell density and 93.5 % of sporulation efficiency in shake flask. The optimized medium was used to determine the effect of culture conditions on spore production at bioreactor level, finding that maintaining pH control did not affect significantly spore production, while the interaction of agitation and aeration rates had a significant effect on spore cell density. The overall optimization generated a 17.2-fold increase in spore cell density (8.78 × 109 CFU/mL) and 1.9-fold increase in sporulation efficiency (94.2 %) compared to that of PB design. These results indicate the potential of B. subtilis EA-CB0575 to produce both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies, with very low nutrient requirements and short incubation period which can represent savings of process production.

Effect of medium components and culture conditions in Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 spore production

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjm/v42n4/v42n4a14.pdf

Amylase production by solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial wastes using Bacillus sp.

Response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of different nutritional and physical parameters for the production of protease by a soil isolated Bacillus strain in submerged fermentation. Initial screening of production parameters as carbon (glu- cose) and nitrogen source (soybean) were optimized together with four variables K 2 HPO 4 , NaCl, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, CaCl 2. 2H 2 O and four physical parameters including agitation, inoculum size, pH and time was performed using Plackett Burman design and the variables with statistically sig- nificant effect on the protease production identified. These variables were selected for further optimization studies using central composite design in RSM. The protease activity under unop- timized conditions was 330 U/ml. Under the final optimized conditions, the predicted response for protease production was 449 U/ml, and the observed validated experimental value was 577 U/ml. The statistical optimization by response surface methodology resulted in about two fold increase in the production of the enzyme by the selected bacterial strain Acta Biol Szeged 54(2):135-141 (2010)

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Statistical optimization of conditions for protease production from Bacillus sp.

The enormous increase in world population has resulted in generation of million tons of agricultural wastes. Biotechnological process for production of green chemicals, namely, enzymes, provides the best utilization of these otherwise unutilized wastes. The present study elaborates concomitant production of protease and amylase in solid state fermentation (SSF) by a newly isolated Bacillus megaterium B69, using agroindustrial wastes. Two-level statistical model employing Plackett-Burman and response surface methodology was designed for optimization of various physicochemical conditions affecting the production of two enzymes concomitantly. The studies revealed that the new strain concomitantly produced 1242 U/g of protease and 1666.6 U/g of amylase by best utilizing mustard oilseed cake as the substrate at 20% substrate concentration and 45% moisture content after 84 h of incubation. An increase of 2.95- and 2.04-fold from basal media was observed in protease and amylase production, respectively. ANOVA of both the design models showed high accuracy of the polynomial model with significant similarities between the predicted and the observed results. The model stood accurate at the bench level validation, suggesting that the design model could be used for multienzyme production at mass scale.

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Contemporaneous Production of Amylase and Protease through CCD Response Surface Methodology by Newly Isolated Bacillus megaterium Strain B69

The ability to predict protein function from structure is becoming increasingly important; hence, elucidation and determination of protein structure become the major steps in proteomics. The present study was undertaken for identification of metalloprotease produced by Bacillus cereus B80 and recognition of characteristics that can be industrially exploited. The enzyme was purified in three steps combining precipitation and chromatographic methods resulting in 33.5% recovery with 13.1-fold purification of enzyme which was detected as a single band with a molecular mass of 26 kDa approximately in SDS-PAGE and zymogram. The MALDI-TOF MS showed that the enzyme exhibited 70–93% similarity with zinc metalloproteases from various strains Bacillus sp. specifically from Bacillus cereus group. The sequence alignment revealed the presence of zinc-binding region VVVHEMCHMV in the most conserved C terminus region. Secondary structure of the enzyme was obtained by CD spectra and I-TASSER. The enzyme kinetics revealed a Michaelis constant of 0.140 μmol/ml and of 2.11 μmol/min. The application studies showed that the enzyme was able to hydrolyze various proteins with highest affinity towards casein followed by BSA and gelatin. The enzyme exhibited strong fibrinolytic, collagenolytic, and gelatinolytic properties and stability in various organic solvents.

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MALDI-TOF MS and CD Spectral Analysis for Identification and Structure Prediction of a Purified, Novel, Organic Solvent Stable, Fibrinolytic Metalloprotease from Bacillus cereus B80

A metalloprotease was characterised from a newly isolated Bacillus strain. The enzyme activity was stimulated by mono- and divalent metal ions at 5 and 10 mM concentration and inhibited by EDTA, DTT and B ME (95, 90 and 80%, respectively) at 10 mM concentration. The enzyme inhibition caused by 10 mM EDTA was restored by 45-47% with 5 and 10 mM NaCl. These characteristics established the enzyme as a metalloprotease. Different agroindustrial substrates were used for economic production of the metalloprotease, among which rice bran was selected as best providing z1000 U protease /g of substrate in 72 h with 20% inoculum and 1:3 moisture content (w/v). The enzyme was thermostable (30-50oC) with maximum activity at 60°C. It also exhibited a broad pH activity range (6-9) with a maximum at pH 8.

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Rajshree Saxena

Papers

Amylase production by solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial wastes using Bacillus sp.

Statistical optimization of conditions for protease production from Bacillus sp.

Contemporaneous Production of Amylase and Protease through CCD Response Surface Methodology by Newly Isolated Bacillus megaterium Strain B69

MALDI-TOF MS and CD Spectral Analysis for Identification and Structure Prediction of a Purified, Novel, Organic Solvent Stable, Fibrinolytic Metalloprotease from Bacillus cereus B80

Characterization of a metallo-protease produced in solid state fermentation by a newly isolated Bacillus strain