Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/13/2452/pdf

Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress.

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Encyclopedia Of Common Natural Ingredients Used In Food Drugs And Cosmetics

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Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism with Clinical Applications

Investigating the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense by applying iron oxide nanoparticles in Dracocephalum moldavica L. plant under salinity stress

Bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, phenolics acids, alkaloids and carotenoids) are commercially-valued products, due to their wide array of applications in the medical, pharmacological, cosmetic, agriculture and food industry. A strategy applied to increase or enhancing bioactive compounds production in plants is controlled elicitation. In recent years, many researchers have studied the role of nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel elicitor for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds shown that the NPs could affect the plant’s secondary metabolism in plant and culture systems. In this sense, recent studies have highlighted the potential applications of nanotechnology in crop production by improving the nutraceutical and nutritional quality of plants. In this review, we present studies about the application of NPs to enhance the production of bioactive plant metabolites. The aforementioned studies in ex vitro as in vitro, in addition to the effect of post-harvest by NPs application.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/2/134/pdf

Nanoparticles as Novel Elicitors to Improve Bioactive Compounds in Plants

In the present investigation CuO nanoparticles significantly enhanced the polyphenols content in treated plants at different dates of sampling. Highest total phenol content i.e., 27.215±0.73 and 26.455±0.365 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, was observed 20 days after treatment in shoots and roots of treated plants, respectively. No significant difference (p≤0.05) in flavonoid content within shoots of treated plants was observed 15 and 20 DAT, respectively. Highest flavonoid content i.e., 23.076±5.128 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract was observed in roots of treated plants 20 days after treatment. Significantly higher tannin content was also observed in roots of treated plants20 DAT. Higher total antioxidant activity i.e., 55.797±1.924 and 56.811±3.012mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g extract was observed in shoots and roots of treated plants, respectively 20 days after treatment. Higher DPPH radical scavenging activity as observed by lower IC50 values i.e., 336.234±5.187 and 473.88±8.834 µg/ml in shoots and roots of treated plants, respectively was observed 20 days after treatment. Total antioxidant activity in shoots showed a significant (p≤0.05) positive correlation with phenol and tannin content within the shoots i.e., 0.618 and 0.693, respectively. Total antioxidant activity in roots also showed significant positive correlation with total phenol, flavonoid and tannin content within roots i.e., 0.416, 0.683 and 0.891, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity within shoots (-0.888) and roots (-0.851) showed a significant negative correlation with total phenol and flavonoid content in shoots and roots, respectively. Thus the findings of the present investigation clearly shows, the elicitation effect of CuO nanoparticles in Withania somnifera L.

https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue2/PartAV/7-2-321-719.pdf

Effect of CuO nanoparticles on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal)

Two sets of field experiments were conducted at Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.), India during Rabi 2014-15 with 30 diverse genotypes of Indian mustard including three checks (Kranti, Vardan and RGN-73) to assess the correlation and path coefficients for yield and yield related traits under timely (TS) and late sown (LS) conditions. The genotypes were evaluated for thirteen quantitative characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches plant-1, number of secondary branches plant-1, length of main raceme (cm), silique on main raceme (cm), seeds silique-1, 1000-seed weight (g), biological yield plant-1 (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and seed yield plant-1 (g). Seed yield plant-1 showed highly significant and positive association with biological yield plant-1 followed by harvest index, silique on main raceme, length of main raceme, 1000-seed weight and secondary branches plant-1 both, under timely and late sown conditions. On the other hand plant height possessed highly significant and positive association with seed yield plant-1 only under timely sown condition. Path analysis identified biological yield plant-1 followed by harvest index, as major direct contributors towards seed yield plant-1 (both under timely and late sown conditions), while plant height emerged as most important indirect yield component under timely sown condition. Secondary branches plant-1 (at genotypic level) and Plant height (at phenotypic level) showed maximum indirect effect on seed yield plant-1 via., biological yield plant-1 under late sown condition. The characters mentioned above should be given due consideration at the time of selection to develop stable high yielding genotypes in Indian mustard to sustain the production and productivity.

https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2018/vol7issue2/PartAJ/7-2-283-579.pdf

Studies on correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield related traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) under timely and late sown conditions

Soluble, Insoluble and total dietary fiber content along with diosgenin (steroidal sapogenin) content of 25 fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum. L) genotypes from north India were evaluated, together with crude fiber and saponin content. The total dietary fiber content varied from 39.487±0.547 in UM-274 to 50.015±0.667 % in IC-143850. The genotype IC-143850 also showed, highest soluble dietary fiber content (i.e., 33.158±0.573 %), respectively. The diosgenin content within fenugreek genotypes varied from 7.153±0.388 in UM-265 to 17.822±0.602 mg g-1 dry wt. in RMt-303. The genotypes under investigation showed significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) with respect to dietary fiber and diosgenin content. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlation (0.960) between total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber, similarly a significant positive correlation (0.891) was observed between total and insoluble dietary fiber within the genotypes. There was also a significant positive correlation between diosgenin and different dietary fiber constituents i.e., soluble, insoluble and total viz., (0.298, 0.444 and 0.375, respectively). Saponin and diosgenin content among the genotypes under investigation were also positively correlated (0.646). The findings of the present investigation clearly show variation in dietary fiber and diosgenin content and significant among fenugreek genotypes. These variations within the genotypes may be attributed to the genetic differences among the fenugreek genotypes.

https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2018/vol6issue2/PartI/6-1-239-412.pdf

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) A potential source of dietary fibres and steroidal sapogenin (Diosgenin)

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Dietary antioxidants (total ascorbate, α-tocopherol and total carotenoids) and micronutrient (iron, calcium, zinc, copper and manganese) content of 25 fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) genotypes were evaluated under the present investigation. Higher α-tocopherol and total carotenoid content i.e., 43.080±1.542 mg α-tocopherol/100 g dry wt. and 4.890±0.047 g carotenoids/100 g dry wt. was observed in RMt-305. The genotype RMt-143 showed highest iron, calcium and manganese content i.e., 184.11±1.639, 781.20±4.790 and 25.65±0.695 μg/g dry wt., respectively. Total ascorbate content within fenugreek genotypes under investigation showed a positive correlation with α-tocopherol and total carotenoid content (i.e., 0.114 and 0.061, respectively). It also showed a significant (p≤0.05) positive correlation with manganese (0.298) and iron content (0.062) among the genotypes. α-tocopherol content within fenugreek genotypes also showed a significant (p≤0.01) positive correlation (0.328) with total carotenoid content another important lipid-soluble antioxidant. The iron content within the fenugreek genotypes showed a significant (p≤0.01) positive correlation with other micronutrients viz., calcium, zinc and manganese (i.e., 0.408, 0.502 and 0.299, respectively). A positive correlation was also observed between iron and total ascorbate, αtocopherol content (i.e., 0.062 and 0.213, respectively) within the genotypes. Similarly other mineral elements viz., calcium, zinc, copper and manganese, respectively also showed a positive correlation with each other in general. The findings of the present investigation clearly show significant variation in dietary antioxidants and micronutrients among the fenugreek genotypes under investigation. Thus the genotypes with higher dietary antioxidants and micronutrient content viz., RMt-305, Pant ragini, RMt-143, Pusa early bunching, IC-066843, GM-2 and HM-355 could be utilized as a valuable source of dietary micronutrients and may serve as potential functional food to combact micronutrient malnutrition along with other favourable health promoting affect. K e y w o r d s Ascorbate, α-Tocopherol,

/pdf/evaluation-of-micronutrients-in-fenugreek-trigonella-foenum-3yg380tqdp.pdf

Evaluation of Micronutrients in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): A Viable Alternative for Micronutrient Supplementation

The present study on effect of CuO nanoparticles on Cichorium intybus L. significantly enhanced the polyphenols content in treated plants at 10 and 20 DAT. Higher total phenol content i.e., 28.171±0.125 and 30.759±1.730 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 extract, was observed 20 DAT in shoots and roots of treated plants, respectively. Higher flavonoid content i.e., 9.450±0.220 and 12.878±0.648 mg quercetin equivalents g-1 extract was also observed at 20 DAT in both shoots and roots of treated plants. The tannin content at 20 DAT in shoots and roots of treated plants also differed significantly w.r.t shoots and roots of control at 10 and 20 DAT, respectively. The shoots and roots of treated plants showed significantly (p≤0.05) higher total antioxidant activity at 10 DAT. The total antioxidant activity within shoots showed a significant (p≤0.01) positive correlation (0.938) with total antioxidant activity observed in roots of Chicorium. Phenol and flavonoid content within the roots showed a positive correlation with total antioxidant activity within the roots i.e., 0.241 and 0.384, respectively. Highest scavenging of DPPH radical was observed within shoots and roots of treated plants at 10 DAT, and it differed significantly (p≤0.05) w.r.t corresponding activity at 20 DAT. DPPH radical scavenging within shoots showed a significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) with corresponding activity in roots (0.939). DPPH radical scavenging activity within roots showed a negative correlation with total phenol, flavonoid and content within the roots (i.e., -0.453, -0.348 and -0.415, respectively) as observed by lower IC50 values of the extracts. Thus the results clearly show that CuO nanoparticles significantly enhanced polyphenols and corresponding antioxidant activity in Cichorium.

https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2018/vol6issue2/PartAT/6-2-273-190.pdf

Rakesh Dhoundiyal

Papers

Effect of CuO nanoparticles on polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal)

Studies on correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield related traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) under timely and late sown conditions

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) A potential source of dietary fibres and steroidal sapogenin (Diosgenin)

Evaluation of Micronutrients in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): A Viable Alternative for Micronutrient Supplementation

CuO nanoparticle mediated elicitation of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)