This article reviews recent developments in fluid power engineering, particularly its market and research in China. The development and new techniques of the pump, valve, and actuator are presented in brief with a discussion of two typical modern fluid power systems, which are the switched inertance hydraulic system and the hydraulic quadruped robot. Challenges and recommendations are given in four aspects including efficiency, compactness and integration, cleanliness, and fluid power education.

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Engineering research in fluid power: a review

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Fluid Structure Interaction

Gear pumps represent the majority of the fixed displacement machines used for flow generation in fluid power systems. In this context, the paper presents a review of the different methodologies used in the last years for the simulation of the flow rates generated by gerotor, external gear and crescent pumps. As far as the lumped parameter models are concerned, different ways of selecting the control volumes into which the pump is split are analyzed and the main governing equations are presented. The principles and the applications of distributed models from 1D to 3D are reported. A specific section is dedicated to the methods for the evaluation of the necessary geometric quantities: analytic, numerical and Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-based. The more recent studies taking into account the influence on leakages of the interactions between the fluid and the mechanical parts are explained. Finally the models for the simulation of the fluid aeration are described. The review brings to evidence the increasing effort for improving the simulation models used for the design and the optimization of the gear machines.

Models for Flow Rate Simulation in Gear Pumps: A Review

Numerical analysis of theoretical flow in external gear machines

In this paper, two alternative numerical approaches for the simulation of Gerotor units are compared: a fast lumped parameter approach for the fluid dynamics through the unit that permits the co-simulation of the radial micro-motion of the rotors, and a computational fluid dynamics approach that puts emphasis on the description of the detailed features of the flow through the unit. Each approach provides unique insights on the unit operation, although with different assumptions and level of result details. For an objective comparison of these two state-of-art models, the authors compared their results with experiments. A commercial pump taken as reference, and tests focused on steady-state volumetric performance as well as the transient features of the outlet port pressure oscillations. The results presented in the paper permit to gain a high level of understanding of the operation of the unit and of the critical aspects that a designer should consider while analyzing such design of positive displacement ...

Numerical analysis and experimental validation of Gerotor pumps: A comparison between a lumped parameter and a computational fluid dynamics-based approach:

Optimal design of gear pumps for exhaust gas aftertreatment applications

This paper describes a high fidelity simulation model for GEROTOR pumps. The simulation approach is based on the coupling of different models: a geometric model used to evaluate the instantaneous volumes and flow areas inside the unit, a lumped parameter fluid dynamic model for the evaluation of the displacing action inside the unit and mechanical models for the evaluation of the internal micro-motions of the rotors axes. This paper particularly details the geometrical approach, which takes into account the actual geometry of the rotors, given as input as CAD files. This model can take into account the actual location of the points of contact between the rotors as well for the actual clearances between the rotors. The potentials of the model are shown by considering a particular GEROTOR design. A specific test set-up was developed within this research for the model validation, and comparisons in terms of steady-state pressure versus flow curves and instantaneous pressure ripples are shown for the reference pump.

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A Lumped Parameter Approach for GEROTOR Pumps: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation

This paper presents an original concept for variable delivery external spur gear machines, which combines the well-known advantages of these units (such as low cost, good reliability, acceptable efficiency) – traditionally fixed displacement – in a solution capable of varying the amount of flow displaced at each shaft revolution. The proposed design concept realizes a variable timing for the connections of each tooth space volume with the inlet and outlet ports, through a movable element (“slider”) placed at the gears lateral side. The position of the slider determines the amount of flow displaced by the unit per revolution. In order to extend the range of flow variation achievable by the unit, an asymmetric involute tooth profile for the gears was proposed. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to optimize the design of the gears along with the design of the timing grooves in the slider. This algorithm is based on the HYGESIM (HYdraulic GEar machines Simulator) tool developed by the authors’ resea...

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Ram Sudarsan Devendran

Papers

Optimal design of gear pumps for exhaust gas aftertreatment applications

A Lumped Parameter Approach for GEROTOR Pumps: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation

A novel design concept for variable delivery flow external gear pumps and motors

Theoretical analysis for variable delivery flow external gear machines based on asymmetric gears

A Flow Control System for a Novel Concept of Variable Delivery External Gear Pump