Silicon has been developed as the exceptionally desirable anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), attributing to its highest theoretical capacity, low working potential, and abundant resource. However, large volume expansion and poor conductivity hinder its practical application. Herein, we fabricate flexible, freestanding, and binder-free silicon/MXene composite papers directly as anodes for LIBs. The Silicon/MXene composite papers are synthesized via covalently anchoring silicon nanospheres on the highly conductive networks based on MXene sheets by vacuum filtration. This unique architecture can accommodate large volume expansion, enhance conductivity of composites, prevent restacking of MXene sheets, offer additional active sites, and facilitate efficient ion transport, which exhibits superior electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 2118 mAh·g–1 at 200 mA·g–1 current density after 100 cycles, a steady cycling ability of 1672 mAh·g–1 at 1000 mA·g–1 after 200 cycles, and a rate perf...

Flexible and Freestanding Silicon/MXene Composite Papers for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The ever-increasing energy demand motivates the pursuit of inexpensive, safe, scalable, and high-performance rechargeable batteries. Carbon materials have been intensively investigated as electrode materials for various batteries on account of their resource abundance, low cost, nontoxicity, and diverse electrochemistry. Taking use of the reversible donor-type cation intercalation/de-intercalation (including Li+, Na+, and K+) at low redox potentials, carbon materials can serve as ideal anodes for 'Rocking-Chair' alkali metal-ion batteries. Meanwhile, acceptor-type intercalation of anions into graphitic carbon materials has also been revealed to be a facile, reversible process at high redox potentials. Based on anion-intercalation graphitic carbon materials, a number of dual-ion battery and Al-ion battery technologies are experiencing booming development. In this review, we summarize the significant advances of carbon materials in terms of the porous structure, chemical composition, and interlayer spacing control. Fundamental mechanisms of carbon materials as the cation host and anion host are further revisited by elaborating the electrochemistry, intercalant effect, and intercalation form. Subsequently, the recent progress in the development of novel carbon nanostructures and carbon-derived energy storage devices is presented with particular emphasis on correlating the structures with electrochemical properties as well as assessing the device configuration, electrochemical reaction, and performance metric. Finally, perspectives on the remaining challenges are provided, which will accelerate the development of new carbon material concepts and carbon-derived battery technologies towards commercial implementation.

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Carbon materials for ion-intercalation involved rechargeable battery technologies

Dimensionally Designed Carbon–Silicon Hybrids for Lithium Storage

Silicon (Si) is a promising anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its unprecedented theoretical capacity of 4200 mA h g−1 and earth-abundant supply (26.2 wt%). Nevertheless, the huge volume expansion and unstable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) of Si in multiple cycles make it very hard to simultaneously achieve high-energy and long-term cycle life for applications in large-scale renewable energy storage. Herein, we demonstrate a new class of Si/SiOx@void@nitrogen-doped carbon double-shelled hollow superstructure (Si/SiOx-DSHS) electrodes that are capable of accommodating huge volume changes without pulverization during cycling. Benefiting from the unique double-shelled hollow superstructure, Si/SiOx-DSHSs can facilitate the formation of a highly stable SEI layer and provide superior kinetics toward Li+-ion storage. The diffusion-controlled process and the capacitance-type reaction can work together to endow Si/SiOx-DSHSs with remarkable electrochemical characteristics, especially at high current density. These important characteristics make Si/SiOx-DSHSs deliver a large reversible capacity (1290 mA h g−1 at 0.1C), high first-cycle coulombic efficiency (71.7%), superior rate capability (360 mA h g−1 at 10C), and excellent cycling behavior up to 1000 cycles with a small capacity decay of 10.2%. The Si/SiOx-DSHSs are among the best Si-based anode materials for LIBs reported to date.

Hollow Si/SiOx nanosphere/nitrogen-doped carbon superstructure with a double shell and void for high-rate and long-life lithium-ion storage

A flexible micro/nanostructured Si microsphere cross-linked by highly-elastic carbon nanotubes toward enhanced lithium ion battery anodes

Rational design of Si@carbon with robust hierarchically porous custard-apple-like structure to boost lithium storage

Rational design of self-supporting graphene - Polypyrrole/sulfur - Graphene sandwich as structural paper electrode for lithium sulfur batteries

The invention discloses an anode material for Li-ion batteries and a preparation method thereof. The anode material for Li-ion batteries is characterized in that silica nanoparticles are taken as raw materials, and firstly the surface of the silica nanoparticles is coated with a SiO2 coating to obtain a precursor Si@SiO2; then the surface of the precursor is coated with a PANI coating to obtain a compound material Si@SiO2@PANI; then the PANI is carbonized into porous carbon through calcining the compound material, a compound material Si@SiO2@NOC is obtained; finally SiO2 is removed through mechanical erosion with a hydrofluoric acid, and a compound material Si@SiO2@NOC is obtained to be the anode material for Li-ion batteries. According to the method, the discharged Anode material for Li-ion batteries can be charged, the problem of volume dilation of batteries is effectively solved, circulation property and rate property of batteries are improved; the preparation method is simple, and large scale production can be achieved.

Anode material for Li-ion batteries and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nitrogen-doped ordered porous carbon coated silicon nanometer composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly adopting dopamine hydrochloride coated silicon nanometer particles, then using cobaltous acetate for catalysis treatment, and finally carrying out high-temperature calcinations to obtain the target product. The preparation method of the composite material disclosed by the invention is simple, the obtained product is good in cycle stability and cycle specific capacity, and the composite material can serve as an excellent negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries.

Preparation method of nitrogen-doped ordered porous carbon coated silicon nanometer composite material

The invention discloses a flexible cathode material of a chargeable/dischargeable lithium-sulfur battery and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises: firstly, synthesizing polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy) by taking ammonium persulfate and pyrrole as raw materials; secondly, loading a positive active material namely elementary sulfur into the polypyrrole nanofibers to prepare a composite material (PPy/S); thirdly, performing extraction filtration in an order of graphene oxide-polypyrrole/sulfur-graphene oxide to obtain a GO-PPy/S-GO composite material having a sandwiched structure; finally, immersing the material into hydrofluoric acid, reducing the graphene oxide to graphene to obtain a graphene-polypyrrole/sulfur-graphene (G-PPy/S-G) composite material namely the cathode material. The composite material is obtained from conventional medicines by means of a layer-upon-layer extraction filtration method. The preparation method is simple, and an obtained product is the cathode material having excellent battery performance.

Rao Juan

Papers

Rational design of Si@carbon with robust hierarchically porous custard-apple-like structure to boost lithium storage

Rational design of self-supporting graphene - Polypyrrole/sulfur - Graphene sandwich as structural paper electrode for lithium sulfur batteries

Anode material for Li-ion batteries and preparation method thereof

Preparation method of nitrogen-doped ordered porous carbon coated silicon nanometer composite material

Flexible cathode material of chargeable/dischargeable lithium-sulfur battery and preparation method thereof