Showing papers by "Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias published in 2017"

Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants

Abstract: Summary Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust.

Acute and Chronic Effects of Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Cardiovascular Variables in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe, through a systematic review, the acute and chronic effects of isometric handgrip exercise on cardiovascular variables in hypertensive individuals. In this systematic review, we included studies that analyzed whether a single bout or a program with isometric exercises affect cardiovascular variables in hypertensive adults. The electronic database PubMed/Medline was searched for relevant studies published until May 2017. Of the 2927 studies initially identified, 2916 were excluded based on title and abstract and five on the basis of full-text assessment, leaving six studies remaining. In addition, one further study cited in the references of the included articles was included in this review, totaling seven studies included (five studies on the chronic effects of isometric handgrip exercise on cardiovascular parameters). None of the acute studies observed post-exercise hypotension. The majority of the chronic studies found decreases in office blood pressure after isometric handgrip training, with training ranging from 6 to 10 weeks, while heart rate variability parameters were improved in one study and did not change in another. Reduction in oxidative stress was observed; however, this variable was only analyzed in one study. In hypertensives, acute responses to isometric handgrip exercise are very limited due to the small number of studies, therefore more research is required. Furthermore, chronic isometric handgrip training reduces blood pressure; however, there is still a gap in the knowledge on the effects of this modality of exercise on other cardiovascular variables—such as endothelial function, oxidative stress, and cardiac autonomic modulation—which should be addressed in future studies.

Effect of Low- Versus High-Intensity Exercise Training on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescents With Obesity: A 6-Month Randomized Exercise Intervention Study.

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the effects of a low- versus high-intensity aerobic training on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in adolescents with obesity. Methods: Sixty-two adolescents with obesity [age = 15 (14) y, body mass index = 34.87 (4.22) kg·m−2] were randomized to receive either a high-intensity training (HIT, n = 31) or a low-intensity training (LIT, n = 31) for 24 weeks. All participants also received nutritional, psychological, and clinical counseling. Leptin, total and subtype leukocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were obtained at baseline and after 24 weeks. Results: HIT reduced neutrophils [from 4.4 (1.9) to 3.6 (1.3) µL−1 × 103; P = .01] and monocytes [from 7.2 (2.5) to 5.2 (1.8) µL−1 × 102; P < .01], but LIT increased neutrophils [from 4.5 (1.7) to 5.2 (3.3) µL−1 × 103; P = .01]. Although tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased in LIT [from 13.3...

Effectiveness of a Behavior Change Program on Physical Activity and Eating Habits in Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to analyze the effect of a behavior change program, called Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saude (VAMOS), on physical activity, eating habits, and quality of life in patients with hypertension. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in 90 patients with hypertension (57.8 ± 9.9 y). They were randomly assigned to 2 groups: VAMOS group (n = 45) and control group (n = 45). The VAMOS group participated in a behavioral change program aimed at motivating changes in physical activity and nutrition behavior for 12 weeks. Physical activity, eating habits, quality of life, self-efficacy, and social support were evaluated at preintervention and postintervention. Results: The control group increased sedentary time (407 ± 87 vs 303 ± 100 min/d; P < .05) and sedentary bouts (434 ± 86 vs 336 ± 98 min/d; P < .05) and reduced total physical activity (553 ± 87 vs 526 ± 86 min/d; P < .05). The VAMOS group improved the general healthy eating habits score (36.9 ± 6.6 vs 43.4 ± 5.8; P < .05)...

Combined Lower Limb Revascularisation and Supervised Exercise Training for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

Abstract: Both revascularisation and supervised exercise training improve functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the value of combined therapy, where exercise therapy is delivered as an adjunct to revascularisation, is less clear. To systematically review evidence on the efficacy of lower limb revascularisation combined with supervised exercise training in patients with PAD. Parallel-group randomised controlled trials indexed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science were searched (up to Jan 2016). Outcome measures were pain-free and maximum walking distances, ankle-brachial index (ABI), leg blood flow and quality of life. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Eight trials were included that enrolled a total of 726 patients (mean age 66 ± 3 years, ABI 0.66 ± 0.05). Combined therapy led to greater improvements in pain-free (mean difference [MD] range 38–408 m) and maximal walking distances (MD range 82–321 m) compared with revascularisation or supervised training alone. Combined therapy had no added effect on resting ABI over revascularisation (MD range −0.05 to 0.13), and had a significantly greater effect than supervised exercise training alone (MD range 0.13–0.31). Limited evidence (one to three trials) also suggested that combined therapy led to greater improvements in leg blood flow and physical domains of quality of life than supervised exercise training alone, and that improvements in leg blood flow, as well as the physical and mental domains of quality of life were not different to that achieved with revascularisation alone. Current evidence suggests that PAD patients treated with combined therapy achieve greater functional benefits than those treated with revascularisation or supervised exercise training alone. Limited evidence also suggests that the effect of combined therapy on leg haemodynamics and quality of life may be superior to supervised exercise training alone, and similar to revascularisation alone.

Relationship between walking capacity and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with intermittent claudication.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Patients with intermittent claudication (IC) often have high blood pressure (BP), which increases their cardiovascular risk. However, whether walking capacity is associated with BP levels in patients with IC remains unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether the total walking distance is associated with ambulatory BP in patients with IC. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 75 patients with IC (58 men; 17 women). A maximal treadmill test (Gardner protocol) was performed to assess total walking distance in these patients. Furthermore, ambulatory BP, heart rate, rate-pressure product, and BP load were obtained over a 24-h period. One-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were carried out. RESULTS Walking capacity was correlated negatively with the following: (i) asleep systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP and heart rate; (ii) 24-h, awake and asleep RPP; and (iii) awake and asleep systolic BP load (all P<0.05). These associations occurred irrespective of confounders such as age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and number of antihypertensive medications. CONCLUSION A better walking capacity is associated with lower ambulatory BP parameters in patients with IC.

Effects of Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training on cardiovascular function of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). In total, 30 patients with PAD were invited to participate in this randomized controlled trial, randomly allocated to a control (n = 15, 66 ± 2 years; stretching and relaxation exercises) or resistance training group (n = 15, 60 ± 3 years; 3 sets of 10 repetitions of 8 whole-body exercises, with a 2-minute interval between sets). Resting and 24-hour blood pressure (BP), cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and autonomic variables were obtained before and after 12 weeks of intervention. A blinded investigator performed all analyses. After 12 weeks of intervention there was maintenance of resting systolic, diastolic, and mean BP (p > 0.18), cardiac output (p = 0.46), and systemic vascular resistance (p = 0.55) in both groups. There was a time effect reduction in heart rate (p = 0.02), accompanied by changes in cardiac autonomic modulation (p = 0.03). There were no changes in 24-hour systolic, diastolic, and mean BP, heart rate, or rate pressure product (p > 0.05). The BP variability decreased in systolic (asleep, p = 0.003), diastolic (24 hours and awake, p = 0.001), and mean (24 hours and asleep, p < 0.02) only in the resistance training (RT) group. Twelve weeks of RT did not change resting and 24-hour BP, or their hemodynamic and autonomic determinants in patients with PAD; however, there were decreases in BP variability, indicating that it could be considered as an alternative to reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with PAD.

The number of visits and blood pressure measurements influence the prevalence of high blood pressure in adolescents.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the number of visits and the number of blood pressure (BP) measurements on the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in adolescents. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study with 481 adolescents (14-19 years old) selected using a random cluster sampling strategy. We measured the BP three times in a first visit. Adolescents with HBP performed subsequent visits. The final calculation of BP followed four strategies: the 1st measure, mean of 1st and 2nd measurements, mean of all three measurements, and averaging the 2nd and 3rd measurements. The prevalence of HBP in the first and second visits was 6.4% and 1.9%, and the prevalence of hypertension (after three visits) was 1.7%. The prevalence of HBP varied from 8.6%-18.6% for boys and 4.6%-9.2% for girls, using the average 2nd and 3rd measurements and the 1st measurement, respectively. In all strategies, HBP and hypertension were more prevalent in boys and students attending the nocturnal shift. The number of visits and number of measurements affect the prevalence of HBP and hypertension in adolescents. Thus, clinicians and researchers should consider these aspects when assessing BP in adolescents aged 14-19 years old.

A Single Session of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise Reduces Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Normotensive Men.

Abstract: Dantas, TCB, Farias Junior, LF, Frazao, DT, Silva, PHM, Sousa Junior, AE, Costa, IBB, Ritti-Dias, RM, Forjaz, CLM, Duhamel, TA, and Costa, EC A single session of low-volume high-intensity interval exercise reduces ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive men J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2263-2269, 2017-The magnitude and duration of postexercise hypotension (PEH) may provide valuable information on the efficacy of an exercise approach to blood pressure (BP) control We investigated the acute effect of a time-efficient high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on ambulatory BP Twenty-one normotensive men (236 ± 36 years) completed 2 experimental sessions in a randomized order: (a) control (no exercise) and (b) low-volume HIIE: 10 × 1 minute at 100% of maximal treadmill velocity interspersed with 1 minute of recovery After each experimental session, an ambulatory BP monitoring was initiated Paired sample t-test was used to compare BP averages for awake, asleep, and 20-hour periods between the control and the low-volume HIIE sessions A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze hourly BP after both experimental sessions Blood pressure averages during the awake (systolic: 118 ± 6 vs 122 ± 6 mm Hg; diastolic: 65 ± 7 vs 67 ± 7 mm Hg) and 20-hour (systolic: 115 ± 7 vs 118 ± 6 mm Hg; diastolic: 62 ± 7 vs 64 ± 7 mm Hg) periods were lower after the low-volume HIIE compared with the control (p ≤ 005) Systolic and diastolic PEH presented medium (Cohen's d = 050-067) and small (Cohen's d = 029) effect sizes, respectively Systolic PEH occurred in a greater magnitude during the first 5 hours (3-5 mm Hg) No changes were found in asleep BP (p > 005) In conclusion, a single session of low-volume HIIE reduced ambulatory BP in normotensive men The PEH occurred mainly in systolic BP during the first 5 hours postexercise

Association between leisure time and commuting physical activities with heart rate variability in male adolescents.

Abstract: RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associacao entre parâmetros de variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca (VFC) e atividades fisicas de lazer e deslocamento em adolescentes do sexo masculino. Metodos: A amostra incluiu 1.152 adolescentes do sexo masculino com idades entre 14 e 19 anos. A variacao dos batimentos cardiacos consecutivos (intervalos entre duas ondas R sucessivas - RR) foi avaliada, e calcularam-se os parâmetros da VFC no tempo (desvio padrao de todos os intervalos RR - SDNN, raiz quadrada da media do quadrado das diferencas entre intervalos RR normais adjacentes - RMSSD, porcentagem dos intervalos RR adjacentes com diferenca de duracao maior que 50 ms - pNN50) e dominios de frequencia (low frequency - LF/high frequency - HF). Informacoes sobre atividades fisicas de lazer e deslocamento foram obtidas por meio de um questionario. Realizou-se regressao logistica binaria entre parâmetros de VFC e atividade fisica. Resultados: Foi descoberta associacao entre atividades fisicas de lazer e as variaveis SDNN, RMSSD e pNN50, mas nao houve associacao entre tais atividades e a razao LF/HF. Essas associacoes foram mais fortes entre adolescentes que se mantinham fisicamente ativos havia mais de seis meses. Atividades fisicas de deslocamento nao foram associadas a nenhum parâmetro de VFC. Jovens que praticavam atividades fisicas de deslocamento e tambem se mantinham fisicamente ativos havia mais de seis meses apresentaram menor chance de ter baixa SDNN e RMSSD. Conclusoes: Atividades fisicas de lazer e de deslocamento foram associadas a melhor VFC, e tais associacoes foram reforcadas quando os adolescentes mantinham atividade fisica havia mais de seis meses. Atividade fisica de deslocamento nao foi associada com os parâmetros da VFC, no entanto tal associacao surgiu nos casos de adolescentes fisicamente ativos em atividades de deslocamento havia mais de seis meses.

Analysis of different anthropometric indicators in the detection of high blood pressure in school adolescents: a cross-sectional study with 8295 adolescents.

Abstract: Background High blood pressure is strongly associated with obesity in different populations. However, it is unclear whether different anthropometric indicators of obesity can satisfactorily predict high blood pressure in the school setting. Objectives This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to height ratio in the detection of high blood pressure in adolescents. Methods The sample consisted of 8295 adolescents aged 10–17 years. Weight was measured using a digital scale, height with a stadiometer, and waist circumference using a tape measure. Blood pressure was measured by an automatic blood pressure measuring device. ROC curves were used for the analysis of sensitivity and specificity of the three anthropometric indices in identifying high blood pressure. Binary Logistic Regression was used to assess the association of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to height ratio with high blood pressure. Results Low values of sensitivity were observed for body mass index (0.35), waist circumference (0.37), and waist to height ratio (0.31) and high values of specificity for body mass index (0.86), waist circumference (0.82), and waist to height ratio (0.83) in the detection of high blood pressure. An association was observed between adolescents classified with high body mass index (OR = 3.57 [95% CI = 3.10–4.10]), waist cirumference (OR = 3.24 [95% CI = 2.83–3.72]), and waist to height ratio (OR = 2.94 [95% CI = 2.54–3.40]) with high blood pressure. Conclusions Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to height ratio presented low sensitivity to identify adolescents with high blood pressure. However, adolescents classified with high body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to height ratio demonstrated a high association of presenting high blood pressure.

Effects of active recovery on autonomic and haemodynamic responses after aerobic exercise

Abstract: Summary The aim of this study was to examine the effect of active recovery on autonomic and haemodynamic responses after exercise in healthy adults Nineteen healthy young male individuals underwent two experimental sessions: exercise with active recovery (AR) and exercise with passive recovery (PR) The exercise sessions comprised three phases: warm-up (5 min), exercise phase (cycle ergometer, 30 min, intensity between 60 and 70% of the heart rate reserve) and recovery (5 min) In the AR, the subjects remained cycling in the recovery phase at intensity between 30% and 35% of heart rate reserve, while in the PR, the subjects stopped the exercise after finishing the exercise phase Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and over the 30 min after the interventions There were no differences for systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and rate pressure product between active and passive recovery sessions Also, all heart rate variability parameters changed similarly after exercise with passive or active recovery sessions In summary, exercise with active recovery does not affect the autonomic and haemodynamic responses after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy young male individuals

Self-initiated changes in physical activity levels improve cardiometabolic profiles: A longitudinal follow-up study

Abstract: Background and aims While studies have described the importance of higher physical activity levels (PAL) in weight loss, the impact of self-initiated PAL on health status warrants further study. We aimed to prospectively examine the effects of self-initiated longitudinal PAL changes on body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic parameters in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. Methods and results We included 4840 adults (mean age 41.6 ± 7.9 years, 79% male) undergoing routine health screening examinations. Self-reported PAL, height, weight, blood pressure and blood samples were collected at baseline and after a mean (95% confidence interval) follow up of 536 (531–541) days. Subjects were stratified according to BMI [39.8% normal weight ( 2 ), 45.1% overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 ), and 19.1% obese (≥30 kg/m 2 )]. In normal weight individuals, BMI increased from baseline to follow-up, irrespective of PAL changes. On the other hand, overweight and obese individuals that increased PAL experienced a decrease in BMI by −0.9% and −3.1%, respectively (p Conclusions In a large cohort of screening patients, longitudinal self-initiated PAL is associated with improved BMI and cardiometabolic profile in overweight and obese individuals.

Association between active commuting and elevated blood pressure in adolescents.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the association between active commuting and blood pressure in adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with high school students from public education network in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data from 6039 students (14 to 19 years) were collected using a questionnaire. “Physically inactive” were considered those who reported not to walk or ride a bicycle to and from school on any day of the past week, and/or those who, regardless of the weekly frequency of practice this type of activity, reported the duration of commuting to school was less than 20 minutes (round trip). The high blood pressure was obtained by Omron HEM 742 equipment. Adolescents with high blood pressure were defined as those with higher blood pressure or equal to the 95th percentile for age, sex and height. Regression logistic analyses were used to assess the association between active commuting and high blood pressure, considering adjustments for the following confounders: sex, age, overweight, total physical activity, socioeconomic level, place of residence. Results: The prevalence of high blood pressure was 7.3%, and 79.3% were considered insufficiently active in commuting. There was an association between high blood pressure and active commuting only among those living in rural areas (OR = 6.498; 95% CI = 1.513-27.900), and the same was not observed among those living in urban areas (OR = 1.113; 95% CI = 0.812-1.526). Conclusion: Active commuting can be considered a protective factor for high blood pressure in adolescents living in rural areas.

Hemodynamic and autonomic responses after a single session of resistance exercise following anodal motor cortex tDCS

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) seems to modulate cardiac autonomic function and blood pressure (BP) at rest and during exercise. Therefore, it is possible that anodal tDCS could influence post-exercise hypotension. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether anodal tDCS applied over the motor cortex would affect cardiac autonomic modulation and BP after resistance exercise. METHODS: Twelve apparently healthy young men performed two experimental sessions: anodal tDCS or sham condition followed by resistance exercise. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), rate-pressure product (RPP), and HR variability (HRV) were obtained before and during post-exercise recovery (at 20 and 60 minutes). RESULTS: Compared to pre-exercise, systolic BP decreased at 20 and at 60 minutes of post-exercise recovery only in anodal tDCS condition (p = 0.03), with no statistical differences in sham condition (p > 0.05). Diastolic and mean BP reduced after both anodal tDCS and sham conditions with no differences between them (P> 0.05). In comparison with anodal tDCS, there were slower HR recovery (tDCS vs. sham: -2 ± 14 vs. 14 ± 8 bpm) and higher RPP (tDCS vs. sham: -1083 ± 1846 vs. 1672 ± 1275 mmHg × bpm) after exercise following sham condition (P 0.05). CONCLUSION: A single session of primary motor cortex tDCS is capable of decreasing the systolic BP and HR responses, as well as the cardiac work after a resistance exercise session in young normotensive subjects regardless of any changes in cardiac autonomic modulation.

Sport participation in pediatric age affects modifications in diabetes markers in adulthood

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of early sport participation on diabetes markers among adults. This longitudinal study analyzed 107 participants during 12 months of follow-up. Diabetes markers were measured by fasting insulin, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin. Sports participation during childhood and adolescence was self-reported. Current physical activity was measured by pedometer. Adults with no engagement in sports during early life showed positive relationship between current physical inactivity and higher modification in glucose (β = 1.045 [95%CI 0.267; 1.823]), insulin (β = 0.763 [95%CI 0.121; 1.405]), and insulin resistance (β = 0.295 [95%CI 0.062; 0.529]). Adults engaged in sports during early life had lower values of glucose (p value = 0.029; Eta-squared = 0.049). Glucose levels decreased through the follow-up among adults with early sports participation (p value = 0.005; Eta-squared = 0.074). There was association between lack of early engagement in sports and higher occurrence of altered values during the follow-up for insulin resistance (OR = 8.37 [2.10; 33.3]) and insulin (OR = 7.61 [2.27; 25.4]). Engagement in sport activities during early life affects glycemic variables in adulthood, as well as longitudinal relationship between physical activity in adulthood, and glycemic control also seems affected by early sport participation.

Diagnostic property of anthropometric indicators in the prediction of high body fat estimated by DXA in hypertensive women

Abstract: Excess body fat is an important risk factor for the development of arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to verify the diagnostic performance of anthropometric indicators in the prediction of excess body fat estimated by Dual-energy Radiometric Absorptiometry (DXA) in hypertensive women. A cross-sectional study with 71 hypertensive women (57.9 ± 10.1 years; 77.8 ± 15.1 kg; 156.8 ± 5.2 cm) was carried out. he anthropometric indicators analyzed were: Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) and Conicity Index (C Index). Body fat measured by DXA was used as the reference method. Descriptive statistics and ROC curve were used for data analysis. Comparing the anthropometric indicators with the percentage of total fat estimated by DXA, signiicant diferences were observed in BMI, WC and WHR (P <0.05). In relation to the percentage of trunk fat, a diference was identiied in BMI and WC (P <0.05). Among the anthropometric indicators analyzed, BMI (0.83), WC (0.79) and WHtR (0.80) had the largest areas under the ROC curve in relation to excess body fat determined by DXA. he cutof points were conservative in relation to those suggested in literature. Anthropometric indicators BMI (24.72 kg/m²), WC (87.81 cm) and WHtR (0.55) can be adopted in the evaluation of excess body fat in hypertensive women, since they demonstrated to be good predictors when confronted with DXA.

Cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise after an aerobic session.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the influence of previous aerobic exercise on cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise. Methods This is a crossover observational study. The sample included 19 normotensive men aged between 19 and 39 years. Subjects performed two experimental sessions in random order: resistance exercise (R: three sets of knee extension exercises with 40% of one repetition maximum) and aerobic exercise + resistance exercise (A + R: 30 min of aerobic exercise followed by R protocol). In both sessions, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were monitored beat-by-beat by finger photoplethysmography. Results After aerobic exercise in the A + R session, there was a maintenance of systolic BP −2 (95% CI: −6; 2) mmHg ( P = 0.35), diastolic 1 (95% CI: −2; 5) mmHg ( P = 0.40) and mean BP 0 (95% CI: −4; 4) mmHg ( P = 0.91) and an increase in heart rate 11 (95% CI: 7; 16) bpm ( P P = 0.03); mean BP 8 (95% CI: 2; 13) mmHg ( P = 0.05); and peak heart rate 18 (95% CI: 13; 23) bpm ( P P = 0.43). Conclusion Aerobic exercise before resistance exercise increased diastolic and mean BP and heart rate. However, due to the sample size of 19 individuals, the results must be interpreted with caution.