The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

It sounds good when knowing the nature of managerial work in this website. This is one of the books that many people looking for. In the past, many people ask about this book as their favourite book to read and collect. And now, we present hat you need quickly. It seems to be so happy to offer you this famous book. It will not become a unity of the way for you to get amazing benefits at all. But, it will serve something that will let you get the best time and moment to spend for reading the book.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fjors.1974.92.pdf

The Nature of Managerial Work

A sociedade em rede

Much of the prior research on interorganizational learning has focused on the role of absorptive capacity, a firm's ability to value, assimilate, and utilize new external knowledge. However, this definition of the construct suggests that a firm has an equal capacity to learn from all other organizations. We reconceptualize the firm-level construct absorptive capacity as a learning dyad-level construct, relative absorptive capacity. One firm's ability to learn from another firm is argued to depend on the similarity of both firms' (1) knowledge bases, (2) organizational structures and compensation policies, and (3) dominant logics. We then test the model using a sample of pharmaceutical–biotechnology R&D alliances. As predicted, the similarity of the partners' basic knowledge, lower management formalization, research centralization, compensation practices, and research communities were positively related to interorganizational learning. The relative absorptive capacity measures are also shown to have greater explanatory power than the established measure of absorptive capacity, R&D spending. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning

Purpose




The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of intellectual capital on a firm’s absorptive capacity (ACAP), and of ACAP on product innovation. The authors argue that intellectual capital and other sets of intangible assets are mobilized by firms through dynamic capabilities such as ACAP. Product innovation is one of the results of this process.




Design/methodology/approach




A quantitative study was conducted, including 500 firms of different sizes, industries and technological intensities located in southern Brazil. The validity of constructs and the theoretical model were confirmed by structural equation modeling.




Findings




The authors found that intellectual capital does influence ACAP, albeit differently on each of ACAP’s dimensions. Acquisition, assimilation and exploitation of knowledge are more decisively influenced by structural capital, followed by human capital. The ability of transformation of knowledge is evenly influenced by structural and human capital, and more moderately so by social capital. The results also showed that ACAP influences product innovation, but each of its dimensions demonstrated a different impact.




Practical implications




This study helps practitioners to identify the development of a firm’s intangible resources and its influences on product innovation. This characterization can serve as a benchmark for managers or private and public companies to define strategies and policies to stimulate innovation.




Originality/value




Few studies present a theoretical discussion about the relationship between a firm’s resources and ACAP’s dimensions in broad empirical contexts or in emerging countries.

Intellectual capital, absorptive capacity and product innovation

/pdf/the-influence-of-innovation-environments-in-r-d-results-4jkkkzr5x9.pdf

The influence of innovation environments in R&D results

This paper aims to examine how technology incubators contribute to the internationalization of incubated Brazilian companies. To do so, was developed a framework that, in addition to supporting research, can be used to provide a basis for studies of internationalization in small technology-based companies and incubators and to assist their managers. By comparing the factors identified as influencing internationalization and the actions and services provided by the technology incubators, an integrated model with four constructs (entrepreneurs; organizational characteristics; network; foreign market) was built. The results demonstrate that incubation positively affects the internationalization of companies and indicate the actions and services that contribute towards the internationalization, as also reveals aspects that could be improved.

https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/jotmi/v10n1/art03.pdf

The Impact of the Incubator on the Internationalization of Firms

/pdf/contribuicao-das-incubadoras-tecnologicas-na-3rrevx2g3n.pdf

Contribuição das incubadoras tecnológicas na internacionalização das empresas incubadas

Nas ultimas decadas as questoes ambientais estao gerando mudancas nos processos economicos e produtivos mundiais como reflexos das exigencias da sociedade em relacao a valores e um crescente processo de conscientizacao ecologica, onde ja e possivel entrever um numero crescente de universidades em varias partes do mundo desenvolvendo estudos e implementando praticas ambientais nos seus campi. Nesta vertente, as Instituicoes de Ensino Superior desempenham um importante papel, ao serem fonte de conhecimento e exemplo para a sociedade. Esse artigo trata das acoes ambientais oriundas das IES, visando identificar se ha um comprometimento por parte das instituicoes com uma gestao ambiental e quais as praticas realizadas neste sentido nao so porque atuam na formacao dos valores da comunidade, mas tambem por servirem de modelo, influenciando a sociedade. Praticas ambientais visando o desenvolvimento sustentavel tem sido realizadas pelas universidades pesquisadas e ha inclusao de objetivos ambientalmente sustentaveis em seus programas de difusao de conhecimentos e em suas proprias politicas internas. Os resultados mostram que apesar de barreiras financeiras, muitas iniciativas sao tomadas nesse sentido e ha um processo crescente de conscientizacao em todas as pessoas envolvidas com as IES.Palavras-chave: Instituicoes de Ensino Superior (IES); Comprometimento; Praticas Ambientais.AbstractIn the last decades environmental issues are leading to changes in productive and economic global processes as reflections on society’s demand related to values and to a growing ecological awareness, where it is possible to identify a growing number of universities in various parts of the world developing studies and implementing environmental practices on their campuses. According to these aspects, higher education institutions (IES) play an important role, as source of knowledge and example for society. This article is about the environmental practices of IES, and it aims to identify if there is a commitment by the institutions with environmental management and what practices are being taken in this direction, not only because they participate in the formation of community’s values but also serving as a model, influencing society. Environmental practices aiming sustainable development are part of the reality of the surveyed universities, and there is an inclusion of environmentally sustainable goals in their programs of knowledge dissemination and in their own internal policies. The results show that despite financial barriers, many initiatives are taken in this direction and there is a growing awareness process with all individuals involved with the IES.Keywords: Higher Education Institutions (IES); Commitment; Environmental Practices.

/pdf/acoes-de-gestao-ambiental-nas-instituicoes-de-ensino-56g3xf8jxg.pdf

Raquel Engelman

Papers

Intellectual capital, absorptive capacity and product innovation

The influence of innovation environments in R&D results

The Impact of the Incubator on the Internationalization of Firms

Contribuição das incubadoras tecnológicas na internacionalização das empresas incubadas

Ações de gestão ambiental nas instituições de ensino superior: o que têm sido feito por elas?