The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Historically, management theory has ignored the constraints imposed by the biophysical (natural) environment. Building upon resource-based theory, this article attempts to fill this void by proposing a natural-resource-based view of the firm—a theory of competitive advantage based upon the firm's relationship to the natural environment. It is composed of three interconnected strategies: pollution prevention, product stewardship, and sustainable development. Propositions are advanced for each of these strategies regarding key resource requirements and their contributions to sustained competitive advantage.

A natural resource-based view of the firm

Thank you for reading culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.

Culture Leadership And Organizations The Globe Study Of 62 Societies

Adopted by an increasing number of organizations around the world, the ISO 9000 standards have become a growing concern for more and more managers who are often compelled to adopt this system without really knowing its requirements and implications for employees. Though the effects of this standard on quality management and on performance improvement have been widely debated, there is little knowledge of how the managers and employees who are asked to implement and maintain it perceive the ISO 9000 standards or resist its use. This study will thus attempt to analyze this perception and resistance with regard to both the standard and the certification process. So as to avoid the traditional and idealised view of this standard, whose commercial stakes often give rise to uncritical statements, almost 50 interviews were conducted outside of the workplace. The results of these interviews revealed highly contrasting attitudes that were frequently critical of the ISO 9000 system, which was often given only superficial support. A qualitative analysis of the data allowed us to identify three types of respondents. They were grouped according to their opinions and attitudes about the implementation of this standard. The three groups were ceremonial integrators, quality enthusiasts and dissidents. Although the "quality enthusiasts" discourse often reflects managers' "rhetoric of success" described by Zbaracki (1998) about the implementation of total quality programs, this rhetoric is not shared by the other respondent categories. Hence, this research project contributes to a better understanding of how institutional pressures, which create "isomorphic" organizations by leading them to adopt identical management models, are reinterpreted, renegotiated, and modified within organizations. The proposed typology casts doubt on the mechanistic, consensual, and monolithic view of the ISO 9000 system that underlies most of the work on this theme. In particular, this study demonstrates the relevance of adopting both the institutionalist and critical approaches in efforts to explain the respondents' opinions. In so doing, the personnel's support for the ISO 9000 system and the certification process can then be analyzed from different angles. This certification process would ultimately appear to be a rite of passage that gives rise to various strategies that depend on the respondents' category and their support for the standard.

ISO 9000: Outside the iron cage

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.brq.2013.11.001

The institution-based view of strategy: How to measure it

Why does the diffusion of environmental management standards differ across countries? The role of formal and informal institutions in the adoption of ISO 14001

Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund, Grant/Award Numbers: ECO2017‐86054‐C3‐2‐R, ECO2017‐86305‐C4‐4‐R (AEI/FEDER, EU).

The impact of ISO 14001 on firm environmental and economic performance: the moderating role of size and environmental awareness

This study explores whether the association between the aggregate level of ISO 14001 adoption in a country and the reduction of its CO2 emissions differs across national settings. We analyze potential variations in three country features: intensity of competition, inclination of firms to behave ethically, and the importance that firms attach to relationships with stakeholders. Based on a sample of 53 countries for the period 2007–2017, our results show that the connection between the aggregate level of ISO 14001 adoption and lower levels of CO2 emissions is stronger in countries where firms tend to behave ethically but is weaker in countries where there is intense competition or where firms place high emphasis on relationships with stakeholders. These findings expand our understanding about the macrolevel consequences of ISO 14001 adoption.

ISO 14001 and CO2 emissions: An analysis of the contingent role of country features

Multimarket competition theory states that if two firms coincide in multiple markets, the level of rivalry between them changes, which, in turn, affects their performance. This article extends this perspective in two ways. We first propose that multimarket competition affects not only the rivalry levels of multimarket rivals but also the rivalry experienced by the other firms present in the markets in which these multimarket rivals operate. We refer to these indirect effects as multimarket competition spillovers, and we propose that they affect firm performance. Second, we conjecture that multimarket competition spillovers are more intense when the firm that creates the spillover and the one that receives it belong to the same strategic group. Our analyses of the Spanish retail banking sector show that the performance of firms is significantly affected by the multimarket competition spillovers of rivals that belong to the same strategic group.

Raquel Orcos

Papers

The institution-based view of strategy: How to measure it

Why does the diffusion of environmental management standards differ across countries? The role of formal and informal institutions in the adoption of ISO 14001

The impact of ISO 14001 on firm environmental and economic performance: the moderating role of size and environmental awareness

ISO 14001 and CO2 emissions: An analysis of the contingent role of country features

Do strategic groups explain differences in multimarket competition spillovers