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The Third Wave

This article develops an evolutionary framework of regional resilience with a primary focus on the structural properties of local knowledge networks. After presenting the network-based rationales of growth and structuring of clusters, we analyze under which structural conditions a regional cluster can achieve short-run competitiveness without compromising long-run resilience capabilities. We show that the properties of degree distribution (the level of hierarchy) and degree correlation (the level of structural homophily) of regional knowledge networks should be studied to understand how clusters succeed in combining technological lock-in with regional lock-out. We propose simple statistical measures of cluster structuring to highlight these properties and discuss the results in a policy-oriented analysis. We conclude showing that policies for regional resilience should focus on ex-ante regional diagnosis and targeted interventions on particular missing links, rather than ex-postmyopic applications of policies based on an unconditional increase of network relational density.

Lock-in or lock-out? How structural properties of knowledge networks affect regional resilience?

We examine the role of spatial proximity for Venture Capital (VC) investments in Germany. The main database is a survey of 85 personal interviews with representatives of different types of financial institutions. The analysis shows that spatial proximity is far less important for VC investments than is often believed. For example, the results indicate that syndication is partly used as an alternative to spatial proximity. Telecommunication does not work as a substitute for face-to-face contact. On the whole, regional proximity is not a dominant factor in VC partnerships. Therefore, the absence of VC firms in a region does not appear to cause a severe regional equity gap.

Does Venture Capital Investment Really Require Spatial Proximity? An Empirical Investigation

Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

The objective of this work is to analyze how Social Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (SEE) in low-vulnerability and high-vulnerability regions of a country may influence the creation and operation of social ventures. To do so the study follows one of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s (GEM) surveys, the National Experts Survey (NES). Particularly, the instrument from 2015 when the GEM teams around the globe made a unique effort to collect data for a special topic report on social entrepreneurship including eight questions to measure social entrepreneurship as an additional section of the survey. The authors used the case of Mexico because the GEM national team collected NES responses in 5 of the 32 entities within the country (Guanajuato, Jalisco, Puebla, Queretaro, and San Luis Potosi) that year. Therefore, considering demographic and economic indicators the entities were grouped into two regions according to their levels of vulnerability. The resulting pool of data of regional NES responses in Mexico during 2015 was a total of N=188 experts, 74 located in High Vulnerability (HV) regions, and 114 in Low Vulnerability (LV) regions. The authors used non-parametric statistics to compare the differences between both regions. The results suggest that experts in low vulnerability regions perceived more favorable conditions for social entrepreneurs than in high vulnerability regions. The SEE in Mexico seems to be more consolidated in central regions where the main actors carry out most of their activities. Therefore, social entrepreneurs may face higher challenges to create and operate social ventures in peripheral regions. This study contributes to the empirical literature in regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EE) by analyzing local ecosystems grouped by regions that share similar levels of vulnerability. This research also sheds light on how the EE may have conditions that can also promote the creation and development of social ventures even though the objective of these ecosystems are not primarily social but economic. In this sense, promoting an EE may favor the creation of SEE, although the latter is most needed in peripheral regions which traditionally experience higher levels of vulnerability.

/pdf/social-entrepreneurial-ecosystems-a-regional-perspective-of-2ub67xk2ot.pdf

Social entrepreneurial ecosystems: a regional perspective of mexico

This study aimed to determine the most roles actors play in the entrepreneurial ecosystem and to build entrepreneurial quality using a mix method approach. It then established an entrepreneurial ecosystem of the creative industry in the East Priangan Region (West Java, Indonesia) as a research case. The respondents and informants consisted of business actors, government, bankers, academics (universities), marketers, and social community members. Data processing and analysis employed a network theory perspective. Results of the study showed that members of the surrounding community, as part of the social community, were the actors playing the most roles in the creative industry of entrepreneurial ecosystem in the East Priangan Region. This phenomenon was evident from the many relationships they have established, their ability to spread knowledge quickly, and their ability to mediate between two other actors directly. Accordingly, they had become a valuable actor in the creative industry of entrepreneurial ecosystem in the East Priangan Region.

/pdf/most-roles-actors-play-in-entrepreneurial-ecosystem-a-3epm2x5rmd.pdf

Most Roles Actors Play in Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Network Theory Perspective

Many researchers recognise that the entrepreneurial ecosystem is a network, defined as the interaction between the components (actors & factors), but little research has been conducted on the systematic analysis of network properties Although, several systematic literature reviews exist on either entrepreneurial ecosystem or network, but none of them has addressed the specific realm of the research. The purpose of this study is to provide a useful literature map about entrepreneurial ecosystem research especially in determining the position of network theory and also to identify gaps and state-of-the-art in research as well as implications and guidelines for both scholars and practitioners. This paper presented a systematic mapping study that found 206 papers of entrepreneurial ecosystem. These papers were surveyed, analysed and classified according to research focus, research method, paper type, and publication trends that change over time. Analyses of the 206 articles showed that research on entrepreneurial ecosystem with focus on network theory is still limited. The most widely used research method and paper type for this topic are qualitative and philosophical paper type. The trend of publication showed a significant development especially in 2016-2017. Based on the SMS results, it can be a state of the art of entrepreneurial ecosystem research from network theory perspective which is still best soma limited and needed to be explored.

/pdf/the-entrepreneurial-ecosystem-as-a-network-rich-system-a-14tbewm1sr.pdf

The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem as A Network Rich System A Systematic Mapping Study

This investigation employs Indonesia’s creative economy sector as a case study to discover how an entrepreneurial ecosystem promotes competitive advantage (CA) and to ascertain the elements involved within the entrepreneurial ecosystem and their functions. Each actor’s role in encouraging CA in Indonesia’s creative economy is explained, analyzed, and deduced. The results reveal that entrepreneurship and culture are the major contributors to CA. The government’s regulations and policies supporting entrepreneurial activities are also pivotal although access to markets still need to be built. Finally, this paper states the implications of this study for scholars and practitioners and provides future research directions.

/pdf/entrepreneurial-ecosystem-and-regional-competitive-advantage-12vl07cdfb.pdf

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Regional Competitive Advantage: A Case Study on the Creative Economy of Indonesia

Jatinangor telah mengalami perubahan. Lahan pertanian telah berubah menjadi area perumahan, komplek, bahkan apartemen. Meski demikian, tidak sedikit dari tanah-tanah yang ada dibiarkan kosong, terbengkalai, dan tidak terurus. Selain tidak enak dipandang, tanah-tanah kosong dikhawatirkan menjadi sarang ular, banyak nyamuk, bahkan menjadi tempat pembuangan sampah secara sembarangan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan pemanfaatan tanah-tanah kosong di perumahan RW 12, Dusun Caringin, Desa Sayang, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Sumedang, sebagai upaya membangun perilaku ketahanan pangan dalam keseharian masyarakat lokal. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah eksperimen. Masyarakat memanfaatkan tanah-tanah kosong untuk ditanami dengan tanaman yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari, seperti sayuran, tanaman bumbu-bumbu, dan umbi-umbian. Hasil dari eksperimen ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemanfaatan lahan kosong akan memberikan beberapa manfaat bagi masyarakat berupa: terpeliharanya lingkungan dan adanya ketersediaan pangan segar.

/pdf/pemanfaatan-lahan-kosong-mengupayakan-ketahanan-pangan-5cfl23b5ak.pdf

Pemanfaatan lahan kosong: mengupayakan ketahanan pangan global dalam keseharian masyarakat lokal di rw 12, desa sayang, jatinangor, sumedang

Works using the perspective of comprehensive network system to study the interaction of components within the network of entrepreneurial ecosystem are still limited. These studies must maximize the performance of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The present work attempted to appropriately analyze the interaction within the entrepreneurial ecosystem relative to the knowledge transfer that occurs through various networks within the same ecosystem. This study was conducted in East Priangan region, Indonesia, considering its competitive advantage. It used a mixed method with exploratory sequential mixed strategy through a network theory perspective. Results indicate that market and community actors have dominant involvement in knowledge transfer processes related to the progress of creative industries. In knowledge transfer processes, another main leverage factor to support innovation in creative industries includes market actors, who are the main impetuses for business actors to productively (productive entrepreneurship) innovate products assisted by community actors (surrounding communities) through the demand for their products (market conditions). On the contrary, government, banking, and professional actors have very limited involvement and interaction with business actors in the knowledge transfer process in the creative industry’s entrepreneurial ecosystem in East Priangan region.

/pdf/interaction-of-actors-and-factors-in-entrepreneurial-2c74byq9ka.pdf

Ratih Purbasari

Papers

Most Roles Actors Play in Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: A Network Theory Perspective

The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem as A Network Rich System A Systematic Mapping Study

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Regional Competitive Advantage: A Case Study on the Creative Economy of Indonesia

Pemanfaatan lahan kosong: mengupayakan ketahanan pangan global dalam keseharian masyarakat lokal di rw 12, desa sayang, jatinangor, sumedang

Interaction of Actors and Factors in Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: Indonesian Creatives Industries