<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> In the era of the digital economy, the demand for medical and public health services has soared in recent years, asking for developing innovative healthcare service models. This trend has accelerated the urgency to implement effective and efficient data exchange and service interoperability, which enable coordinated care services among tiered healthcare institutions, improve the quality of oversight of regulators, and provide vast and comprehensive data collection to support clinical medicine and health economics research, thus improving the overall service quality and patient satisfaction. However, the isolated data islands among heterogeneous IT systems have been a significant problem, seriously restricting data sharing and service interoperability capabilities. In this context, HL7 FHIR was formally introduced in 2014 and has since continued evolving. Because of its many advantages, such as a simple data model, flexible exchanging model, and adequate open source tools, this standard has attracted worldwide attention in the healthcare industry and has been adopted and promoted by health systems in the UK, USA, and Canada. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> By investigating and analyzing the latest literature on FHIR from the perspectives of motivations, techniques, and applications, we proposed a general FHIR Practice Guideline (FHIR PG) to facilitate stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem to both understand the FHIR standard and build interoperable services with ease. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We identified 487 papers from the Web of Science and IEEE databases and selected 85 papers published between January 1, 2020, and July 1, 2022, as the source of investigation. First, we chose to classify these papers into three categories: data standardization, data management, and data interoperation, for each of which we discussed the motivations, techniques, and applications. Then, we proposed a general FHIR PG for the entire FHIR practice process through careful analysis and collation. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The general FHIR PG clarified the unique roles of all the stakeholders involved, including the Implementation Guides (IGs) standard committee, healthcare IT system vendor, and application developer. And it integrated the data standardization flow, data exchange model, and service implementation approach into a complete practice process. As a result, the general FHIR PG facilitates stakeholders to practice the FHIR standard and design interoperable healthcare services. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> This paper proposed a general FHIR PG by discussing the process of data standardization, data management, and data interoperation from the latest literature. The general FHIR PG can help a stakeholder in the healthcare ecosystem to identify its unique roles, manage the scope of responsibilities, and plan the work content, thereby facilitating the implementation and promotion of the FHIR standard. </sec> 

Designing Interoperable Healthcare Services Based on HL7 FHIR: A Literature Review towards Motivations, Techniques, and Applications (Preprint)

Remote human beings location monitoring through methods that are provided remotely managed open source services, becomes a required component in many public and private systems that work with human beings and for theirs benefits (in this category can also be included citizens with a certain degree of disability, or having limited movement areas). 

Human individuals' localization monitoring (using open source technologies)

Information technology evolved as the years passed by, while interoperability of healthcare information systems remains a challenge. The current paper proposes the conceptualization of a software application based on the Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources standard. The intelligent solution named Formisio incorporates the creation of questionnaires that are used to gather medical data, as well as for quantitative research purposes. The paper outlines the system architecture components and the focus was put on components which are related to front end question editor, web based and mobile questionnaire version, back-end editor logic and questions results analyzers. The questionnaires are created and stored in the HL7 FHIR Questionnaire format. The obtained results are saved as HL7 FHIR QuestionnaireResponse resources. Furthermore, medical questionnaires are generated for various types of HL7 FHIR resources.

Conceptualization of an Intelligent HL7 Application based on Questionnaire Generation and Editing

Due to the unprecedented development of information technology, the medical systems have adopted these new technologies and innovations. Thus, medical informatics, telemedicine, eHealth have become terms widely used today and more and more often in the medical systems. In order to make the most of the potential offered by IT in medicine, there is a need to openly interconnect different data processing systems. In order to make this interconnection as efficient as possible, it is necessary to create a common language. This is how the Health Level 7 (HL7) standard and the latest ISO / ANSI HL7 FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) version appeared. This paper presents an application to dynamically create web based questionnaires and to collect answers. The medical systems open interconnection is implemented using the HL7 FHIR standards.

Razvan Sfat

Papers

Conceptualization of an Intelligent HL7 Application based on Questionnaire Generation and Editing

Medical Systems Open Data Exchange Interconnection and Web Questionnaires Based on the HL7 FHIR Standards