Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: a summary of recent studies.

Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: A review

Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqueous solution by raw and modified lignocellulosic materials: a review.

Cr(VI) is a well-known highly toxic metal, considered a priority pollutant. Industrial sources of Cr(VI) include leather tanning, cooling tower blowdown, plating, electroplating, anodizing baths, rinse waters, etc. This article includes a survey of removal techniques for Cr(VI)-contaminated aqueous solutions. A particular focus is given to adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, and electrochemical treatment methods. The primary objective of this article is to provide recent information about the most widely used techniques for Cr(VI) removal.

Removal of Hexavalent Chromium-Contaminated Water and Wastewater: A Review

https://biology.kmu.edu.tw/images/teacher/hans/KuDaWoLeSh2015_Microalgae_A_promising_too.pdf

Microalgae - a promising tool for heavy metal remediation.

Biosorption of heavy metals

The potential to remove Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions through biosorption using the husk of Bengal gram (Cicer arientinum), was investigated in batch experiments. The results showed removal of 99.9% of chromium in the 10 $mgl^{-1}$ chromium solution, the biomass required at saturation was 1 g $mg^{-1}$. Kinetic experiments revealed that the dilute chromium solutions reached equilibrium within 180 min. The biosorptive capacity of the (bgh) was dependent on the pH of the chromium solution, with pH 2 being optimal. The adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 91.64 mg Cr (VI)/g at pH 2. The adsorption capacity increased with increase in agitation speed and an optimum was achieved at 120 rpm. The biosorption of Cr (VI) was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which suggested that the presence of Cr (VI)ions in the biomass affects the bands corresponding to hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Comprehensive characterisation of parameters indicates bgh to be an excellent material for biosorption of Cr (VI) to treat wastewaters containing low concentration of the metal.

Biosorption of chromium (vi) from aqueous solutions by he husks of bengal gram (cicer arientinum)

https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/ejb/v8n3/a05.pdf

Biosorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions by the husk of Bengal gram (Cicer arientinum)

Iron is a major pollutant released as a by-product during several industrial operations especially during acid mining of metal ores. In this paper, the use of Bengal gram husk (husk of channa dal, Cicer arientinum) in the biosorption of Fe(III) from aqueous solutions is discussed. Parameters like agitation time, adsorbent dosage and pH were studied at different Fe(III) concentrations. The adsorption data fit well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity (q max ) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 72.16 mg of Fe(III)/g of the biosorbent at an initial pH of 2.5. Desorption studies were performed at different concentrations of hydrochloric acid showing that quantitative recovery of the metal ion is possible. The infrared spectra of the biomass before and after treatment with Fe(lII), revealed that hydroxyl, carboxyl and amide bonds are involved in the uptake of Fe(III) ions.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/7010/1/IJCT%2013%282%29%20122-127.pdf

Biosorption of iron(III) from aqueous solutions using the husk of Cicer arientinum

Husk of tur dal (Cajanus cajan) was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Fe (III) and Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. Parameters like agitation time, adsorbent dosage and pH were studied at different initial Fe (III) and Cr (VI) concentrations. The biosorptive capacity of the Tur dal husk was dependent on the pH of the chromium and iron solution, with pH 2 and 2.5 respectively being optimal. The adsorption data fit well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The practical limiting adsorption capacity $(q_{max})$ calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 96.05 mg of Cr(VI)/g of the biosorbent at an initial pH of 2.0 and 66.65 mg/g at pH 2.5 . The infrared spectra of the biomass revealed that hydroxyl, carboxyl and amide bonds are involved in the uptake of Cr (VI) and Fe (III) ions. Characterisation of tur dal husk has revealed that it is an excellent material for treating wastewaters containing low concentration of metal ions.

RD Kanamadi

Papers

Biosorption of heavy metals

Biosorption of chromium (vi) from aqueous solutions by he husks of bengal gram (cicer arientinum)

Biosorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions by the husk of Bengal gram (Cicer arientinum)

Biosorption of iron(III) from aqueous solutions using the husk of Cicer arientinum

Cr (VI) and Fe (III) removal using Cajanus cajan husk