http://aoatools.aua.gr/pilotec/files/bibliography/Biofuels%20(alcohols%20and%20biodiesel)%20applications%20as%20fuels%20for%20internal-4026835713/Biofuels%20(alcohols%20and%20biodiesel)%20applications%20as%20fuels%20for%20internal.pdf

Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines

The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the world. Therefore, those countries not having these resources are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels, which can be produced from materials available within the country. Although vegetative oils can be fuel for diesel engines, but their high viscosities, low volatilities and poor cold flow properties have led to the investigation of its various derivatives. Among the different possible sources, fatty acid methyl esters, known as Biodiesel fuel derived from triglycerides (vegetable oil and animal fates) by transesterification with methanol, present the promising alternative substitute to diesel fuels and have received the most attention now a day. The main advantages of using Biodiesel are its renewability, better quality exhaust gas emission, its biodegradability and the organic carbon present in it is photosynthetic in origin. It does not contribute to a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and consequently to the green house effect. This paper reviews the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.

Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil

http://opac.tistr.or.th/Multimedia/Web/0032/wb0032064.pdf

Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey

Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil

The potential of using vegetable oil fuels as fuel for diesel engines

In this experimental study, the effect of the usage of vegetable oils, as alternative fuels, on engine performance and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine were investigated. No 2-D diesel fuel and nine different oils (raw sunflower oil, raw cottonseed oil, raw soybean oil, and sunflower methyl ester, cottonseed methyl ester, soybean methyl ester, obtained from the raw oils respectively and refined opium poppy oil, rapeseed and corn oil) were used. In order to determine emission and performance characteristics, the engine was tested with full load-varied speed and constant speed-varied load tests. Chemical and physical properties of the raw oils were improved by transesterification. Test results showed that, when using vegetable oils, the engine performance and NOX are lower, and smoke density is higher than the engine performance in which No 2-D diesel fuel is used. The engine performance with the methyl ester fuels is higher than that with the raw oils and are close to diesel fuel performance.

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/engineering/issues/muh-01-25-1/muh-25-1-5-9909-16.pdf

Recep Altin

Papers

The potential of using vegetable oil fuels as fuel for diesel engines

Experimental Investigation of Vegetable Oil Usage as Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engines