A review is presented dealing with the use of carbon paste as an electrode maaterial for electrochemical sensors (311 references). It covers mainly publications which appeared during the period 1990–1993; numerous applications demonstrate the widespread applicability of carbon paste in the field of electrochemical analysis, such as voltammetry, amperometry, and potentiometry, but also as an electrode for electrochemical detectors in flow systems.

Sensors based on carbon paste in electrochemical analysis: A review with particular emphasis on the period 1990–1993

https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/15972/Microencapsulation_of_Probiotics_For_Gastrointestinal_Delivery_.pdf?sequence=2

Microencapsulation of probiotics for gastrointestinal delivery.

Alginates as a useful natural polymer for microencapsulation and therapeutic applications

Development of edible films and coatings from alginates and carrageenans.

The application of hydrocolloid gel particles is potentially useful in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Alginate gel particles are one of the more commonly used hydrocolloid gel particles due to them being biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable, cheap, and simple to produce. They are particularly valued for their application in encapsulation. Encapsulation in alginate gel particles confers protective benefits to cells, DNA, nutrients, and microbes. Slow release of flavors, minerals, and drugs can also be achieved by encapsulation in gel particles. The particle size and shape of the gel particles are crucial for specific applications. In this review, current methods of producing alginate gel particles will be discussed, taking into account their advantages, disadvantages, scalability, and impact on particle size. The physical properties of alginate gel particles will determine the effectiveness in different application conditions. This review will cover the current understanding of the alginate biopolymer, gelation mechanisms and factors affecting release properties, gel strength, and rheology of the alginate gel particle systems.

Alginate gel particles–A review of production techniques and physical properties

Thermal decomposition of some divalent metal alginate gel compounds

The kinetics of formation of the [PVA. MnVIO] intermediate complex have been measured by the conventional spectrophotometric technique. The rate of formation of the complex was found to be given by the expression d[Complex]/dt = k1[MnO-4][PVA−]. The results showed that the rate of formation is dependent on the base concentration. A first-order reaction in permanganate and fractional order with respect to the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) concentration were observed. The activation parameters have been evaluated and a tentative reaction mechanism has been suggested.

New coordination polymers. III: Oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) by permanganate ion in alkaline solutions. Kinetics and mechanism of formation of intermediate complex with a spectrophotometric detection of manganate(vi) transient species

Corrosion inhibition of aluminum (Al) in hydrochloric acid by anionic polyeletrolyte pectates (PEC) as a water-soluble natural polymer polysaccharide has been studied using both gasometric and weight loss techniques. The results drawn from these two techniques are comparable and exhibit negligible differences. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing inhibitor concentration and decrease with increasing temperature. The inhibition action of PEC on Al metal surface was found to obey the Freundlich isotherm. Factors such as the concentration and geometrical structure of the inhibitor, concentration of the corrosive medium, and temperature affecting the corrosion rates were examined. The kinetic parameters were evaluated and a suitable corrosion mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is discussed in the paper.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/6/6/2436/pdf

Kinetics of Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum in Acidic Media by Water-Soluble Natural Polymeric Pectates as Anionic Polyelectrolyte Inhibitors

The kinetics of permanganate oxidation of β-phenylalanine in aqueous perchlorate media at a constant ionic strength of 3.0 mol dm–3 has been studied spectrophotometrically. A first-order reaction in [MnO4–] and a fractional order with respect to β-phenylalanine were observed. The results obtained at various hydrogen-ion concentrations indicate that the protonated species of both the amino acid and permanganate play a role in the kinetics. Kinetic evidence for the formation of an intermediate complex between the amino acid and the oxidant is presented. The activation parameters were calculated and found to be ΔS‡=–160.14 ± 8.23 J K–1 mol–1, ΔH‡= 34.04 ± 1.02 kJ mol–1, and ΔG‡= 81.77 ± 3.47 kJ mol–1, respectively. A mechanism consistent with the kinetic results is discussed.

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of β-phenylalanine by permanganate ion in aqueous perchloric acid

The kinetics of permanganate oxidation of DL-α-alanine in aqueous perchloric acid solution at a constant ionic strength of 2.0 mol dm−3 has been investigated spectrophotometrically. The reaction wa...

Refat M. Hassan

Papers

Thermal decomposition of some divalent metal alginate gel compounds

New coordination polymers. III: Oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) by permanganate ion in alkaline solutions. Kinetics and mechanism of formation of intermediate complex with a spectrophotometric detection of manganate(vi) transient species

Kinetics of Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum in Acidic Media by Water-Soluble Natural Polymeric Pectates as Anionic Polyelectrolyte Inhibitors

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of β-phenylalanine by permanganate ion in aqueous perchloric acid

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of DL-α-alanine by permanganate ion in acid perchlorate media