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Cornucopia A Source Book Of Edible Plants

The endophytic fungus Aspergillus is considered as an enormous source of chemical leads with promising biological activities. Different Aspergillus species have proved their ability to produce plenty of secondary metabolites including butenolides, alkaloids, terpenoids, cytochalasins, phenalenones, ρ-terphenyls, xanthones, sterols, diphenyl ether and anthraquinone derivatives with diverse biological activities, such as anti-cancer, antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities. From January 2015 until December 2019, three hundred and sixty-one secondary metabolites were reported from different endophytic Aspergillus species. This review discusses the isolated secondary metabolites from different endophytic Aspergillus species reported from January 2015 to December 2019 along with their reported biological activities and structural aspects whenever applicable.

/pdf/natural-product-diversity-from-the-endophytic-fungi-of-the-25zgmasoei.pdf

Natural product diversity from the endophytic fungi of the genus Aspergillus

Plant-associated endophytic fungi are rich sources of novel bioactive and structurally diverse secondary metabolites and other natural products. Newly synthesized secondary metabolites of endophytes in terrestrial plants and their biological properties are presented and reviewed herein. The review highlights natural products from plant-associated fungal endophytes that demonstrate significant inhibition against pathogenic strains, human cancer cell lines and other biological targets. We have summarized 221 recently isolated, structurally diverse and novel secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites that failed to demonstrate activity in the bioassays are not included. The review is intended to assist scientists in the fields of phytochemistry, organic chemistry, and pharmacology.

Novel secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi: synthesis and biological properties

Secondary metabolites isolated from plant endophytic fungi have been getting more and more attention. Some secondary metabolites exhibit high biological activities, hence, they have potential to be used for promising lead compounds in drug discovery. In this review, a total of 134 journal articles (from 2017 to 2019) were reviewed and the chemical structures of 449 new metabolites, including polyketides, terpenoids, steroids and so on, were summarized. Besides, various biological activities and structure-activity relationship of some compounds were aslo described.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/959/pdf

Biological Activities of Some New Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Endophytic Fungi: A Review Study.

Seventeen polyphenols (e.g, apigenin, genistein, and luteolin glycosides) and 11 lipophilic compounds (e.g., fatty acids, sterols, and terpenes) were detected by LC-MS/MS-ESI and GC-MS, respectively, in Jatropha platyphylla. Extracts from pulp, kernel, and leaves and fractions were studied to know their effect on some pro-inflammatory mediators. Phenolic and lipophilic extracts showed significant inhibitory effects on ROS and NO production while not affecting mitochondrial activity or superoxide generation rate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, NO production was also diminished by lipophilic leaf fractions F1 and F2 with the latter fraction showing a greater effect and composed mainly of sterols and terpene. Furthermore, total extracts showed nonselective inhibitions against cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 activities. All together, these results suggest that J. platyphylla extracts have potential in treating inflammatory diseases and their activity...

Protective Role of Flavonoids and Lipophilic Compounds from Jatropha platyphylla on the Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in Macrophage Cells.

Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br has many traditional uses and there are few reports about its chemical and biological activities. So our aim is to isolate the triterpenoidal compounds from dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) of Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br leaves and in addition to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds. DCMF of C. quadrifidus leaves was subjected to different chromatographic techniques to isolate pure triterpenoidal compounds which were identified using different chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated using agar well diffusion method while minimum inhibitory concentration was assessed by microtiter plate assay method. Five compounds were isolated and they were betulinic acid (1), ursolic acid (2), 3-acetyl-23-hydroxy betulinic acid (3), 2,23-dihydroxy betulinic acid (4) and 2,21,23-trihydroxy betulinic acid (5) were isolated from DCMF of C. quadrifidus leaves for the first time. Compounds 4 and 5 showed strong antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium while compound 4, 5 and 3, 4 exhibits moderate effect against E.coli and S. aureus respectively. Pure triterpenoidal compounds isolated from C. quadrifidus leaves showed antibacterial activities in different strengths.

/pdf/antibacterial-activities-of-triterpenoidal-compounds-11utp4ootw.pdf

Antibacterial activities of triterpenoidal compounds isolated from Calothamnus quadrifidus leaves.

Isoshamixanthone: a new pyrano xanthone from endophytic Aspergillus sp. ASCLA and absolute configuration of epiisoshamixanthone.

Biological examination and novel biflavone di-C-glycosides from Jatropha multifida L. leaves

New phenolic compounds from Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br. aerial parts and their antioxidant activity.

Objectives: In this study, a preliminary phytochemical screening and lipoidal matter of Arenga engleri Becc. leaves (family Arecaceae) were studied for the first time. Methods: Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was used for the identification of compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable content. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrate and/or glycosides, unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes and absence of anthraquinones, coumarins, volatiles and alkaloids or compound containing nitrogenous bases. GC/MS analysis revealed the higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (51.39 %) than that of saturated ones (31.47 %). The major unsaturated fatty acids present were linoleic acid (31.55 %) and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid (11.42%) while the major saturated one was palmitic acid (17.27 %). The unsaponifiable matter was represented as hydrocarbons (41.19 %), fatty alcohols (28.31 %), terpenes (9.68 %) and sterol (0.14 %). 1-Octadecene (17.65 %) and 1-hexadecene (12.41 %) represented the major hydrocarbons while behenic alcohol (14.71 %) was the major fatty alcohol, phytol (4.89 %) was the major terpene and ethylisoallocholate (0.14 %) was the only sterol identified.

https://aprh.journals.ekb.eg/article_29441_5d0ee23aa1e12d7659d9c378f56930b6.pdf

Reham R. Ibrahim

Papers

Antibacterial activities of triterpenoidal compounds isolated from Calothamnus quadrifidus leaves.

Isoshamixanthone: a new pyrano xanthone from endophytic Aspergillus sp. ASCLA and absolute configuration of epiisoshamixanthone.

Biological examination and novel biflavone di-C-glycosides from Jatropha multifida L. leaves

New phenolic compounds from Calothamnus quadrifidus R.Br. aerial parts and their antioxidant activity.

Phytochemical Screening and Chemical Investigation of Lipoidal Matter of Arenga engleri Leaves