Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

Sampson, Robert J. 2012. Great American city: Chicago and the enduring neighborhood effect. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN-13: 9780226734569. pp. 552, $27.50 cloth. Robert J. Sampson’s ...

Great American city: Chicago and the enduring neighborhood effect

Gender remains a neglected focus for theory and practice in shaping cities. Given women’s continuing economic and social marginalization and the prevalence of violence against women, how can this b...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07352166.2016.1255526

Gender, urban space, and the right to everyday life

The effect of ethnic diversity on communities has become an increasingly hot topic. Many academics and policy makers believe that ethnically diverse communities are characterised by distrust and low levels of social cohesion, while numerous studies show an apparent negative link between the ethnic diversity of local communities and the extent to which residents express trust in, and a sense of cohesion with, one another. In this podcast NCRM Director Patrick Sturgis discusses new research that shows a different and more complex picture.

The podcast is based on a new article Ethnic diversity, segregation and the social cohesion of neighbourhoods in London by Patrick Sturgis (NCRM, Univ. Southampton), Ian Brunton-Smith (University of Surrey), Jouni Kuha (LSE) and Jonathan Jackson (LSE) has been published in Ethnic and Racial Studies journal. The BBC News home editor Mark Easton covered this research in his article 'Is diversity good or bad for community cohesion?' (31 Oct 2013)

NCRM podcast: Ethnic diversity, segregation and the social cohesion of neighbourhoods in London

In a crisis, almost-instant choices about who to trust or distrust could make a difference between life and death. Trust is necessary for cooperation, coordination, social order, and to reduce the ...

/pdf/covid-19-effective-policymaking-depends-on-trust-in-experts-1mz0dz9pk1.pdf

COVID-19: effective policymaking depends on trust in experts, politicians, and the public

Purpose:
There is a current need for innovation in research on the fear of crime to move on from general and static representations and instead approach it as a dynamic phenomenon experienced in everyday life, to inform or evaluate situational interventions.
Methods:
This study presents a novel approach to fear of crime research using the framework of routine activities theory and environmental criminology to present it as a specific event characterized by spatial, temporal, and personal variables. We suggest and illustrate a new experience sampling approach to data collection, captured via a mobile phone application.
Results:
By studying the fear of crime in the environment where it occurs, and focusing on a microscale geography with the additional dimension of time, new insight into fear of crime can be attained. Results from a data collection pilot demonstrate significant spatiotemporal variation in individuals' fear of crime levels and hence illustrate the viability of such approaches.
Conclusions:
We argue that this new insight can lead to the development of situational interventions which target fear of crime hot spots as they move about in place and time, allowing limited resources to be allocated more efficiently to enhance perceptions of safety.

/pdf/mapping-fear-of-crime-as-a-context-dependent-everyday-1u80nuz0oq.pdf

Mapping fear of crime as a context‐dependent everyday experience that varies in space and time

New forms of data are now widely used in social sciences, and much debate surrounds their ideal application to the study of crime problems Limitations associated with this data, including the subjective bias in reporting are often a point of this debate In this article, we argue that by re-conceptualizing such data and focusing on their mode of production of crowdsourcing, this bias can be understood as a reflection of people’s subjective experiences with their environments To illustrate, we apply the theoretical framework of signal crimes to empirical analysis of crowdsourced data from an online problem reporting website We show how this approach facilitates new insight into people’s experiences and discuss implications for advancing research on perception of crime and place

/pdf/crowdsourcing-subjective-perceptions-of-neighbourhood-5cilypshx8.pdf

Crowdsourcing Subjective Perceptions of Neighbourhood Disorder: Interpreting Bias in Open Data

Few researches have considered fear of crime as a context-specific experience. This article promotes a place-based theoretical framework for studying crime perceptions through presenting app-based ...

/pdf/towards-a-place-based-measure-of-fear-of-crime-a-systematic-4mz28uex3c.pdf

Towards a place-based measure of fear of crime: A systematic review of app-based and crowdsourcing approaches

Tackling unwanted sexual behaviour (USB) on public transport is a concern for transit authorities across the world. However, high rates of underreporting mean a lack of reliable information about USB, presenting a key barrier to prevention. This paper presents a realist evaluation of an initiative called ‘Report It To Stop It’ (RITSI) implemented in London, UK, to tackle underreporting. RITSI aimed to encourage victims to report details of USB incidents to police and transit authorities through media campaigns. Results show that the initiative did increase reporting of USB and that this increase was not due to a rise in the prevalence of USB. Crucially, there was no evidence of any increase in passengers’ fear of crime during the campaign activity. However, the impacts of this campaign were more pronounced in earlier waves, and on certain modes of transport. These findings demonstrate the importance of the context in motivating reporting behaviour change.

/pdf/did-they-report-it-to-stop-it-a-realist-evaluation-of-the-16nk5r74yg.pdf

Did they report it to stop it? A realist evaluation of the effect of an advertising campaign on victims’ willingness to report unwanted sexual behaviour

Reka Solymosi

Papers

Mapping fear of crime as a context‐dependent everyday experience that varies in space and time

Crowdsourcing Subjective Perceptions of Neighbourhood Disorder: Interpreting Bias in Open Data

Towards a place-based measure of fear of crime: A systematic review of app-based and crowdsourcing approaches

Did they report it to stop it? A realist evaluation of the effect of an advertising campaign on victims’ willingness to report unwanted sexual behaviour

The Role of Innovative Data Collection Methods in Advancing Criminological Understanding