Excerpt] Resettlement policies and laws in South Asian countries at present focus primarily on compensation payment for property acquired for a public purpose. This book assesses the adequacy of conventional compensation and resettlement assistance programs such as cash-for-land, land-for-land compensation, limited and temporary employment opportunities at project construction sites, better housing in urban development projects, and income and livelihood restoration and improvement assistance programs. It also examines affected persons’ perspectives, how they perceive their displacement, and what strategies they use to respond to displacement with or without assistance from project sponsors and authorities. This knowledge will help policy makers, project sponsors, and project executive agencies to improve resettlement planning and implementation programs and, at least to some extent, will assist in reforming resettlement policies and land laws. Such reforms, this book argues, should consider (i) the adequacy of current resettlement policy frameworks to deal with complex, widespread, and ambiguous experiences of affected persons of development interventions; (ii) the almost inevitable impoverishment of project-affected persons from the pre-displacement phase to post-resettlement phase; (iii) limited state commitment to broadening such policy frameworks into national laws; and (iv) widespread weak institutional capacity to implement the laws. During the past 60 years, various interpretations of the land acquisition acts have been attempted by policy makers, academics, development practitioners, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and national courts in South Asia. Such interpretations have mostly been people-centered and have intended to provide a better compensation package to the displaced, particularly to poor and vulnerable persons. Key issues that have been discussed and articulated include (i) the adequacy of consultation with affected persons and communities on land acquisition and compensation; (ii) the comparative costs of cash-for-land and land-for-land compensation as acquisition modalities; (iii) the desirability and possibility of assisting physically displaced households to resettle at a project-sponsored resettlement site compared to providing sufficient cash compensation and incentives to help displaced households self-relocate; and (iv) how to avoid impoverishment of displaced persons and their households. These are also the key issues that this book considers, using in-depth fieldwork from several South Asian countries. The book comprises recent displacement and resettlement case studies conducted by several anthropologists and sociologists in South Asia. Each contributor wrote around the key theme of the book: Is resettlement a development opportunity for those displaced by a development intervention? In this book, resettlement carries a broader meaning to include physical and economic displacement, restricted access to public land such as forests and parks, relocation, income rehabilitation, and self-relocation.

Lose to gain : is involuntary resettlement a development opportunity?

http://www.cell.com/article/S240584402300292X/pdf

Analysing the behavioural, psychological, and demographic determinants of financial decision making of household investors

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of illiteracy and unemployment on financial inclusion in rural areas of Nigeria between 2017 and 2022. Most rural areas in developing countries have high illiteracy and unemployment rates, creating challenges for researchers to measure the inclusiveness of financial services and products. This study examined the effect of illiteracy and unemployment on the inclusiveness of financial services and products in rural areas of Nigeria. The ex-post facto research design, systematic sampling, dummy for latent variables (erratic power supply and insecurity in rural areas), and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) techniques were employed. The result showed that the coefficient estimate for the illiteracy rate is negative (-0.5318), indicating that higher illiteracy is associated with lower financial inclusiveness, and the coefficient estimate for unemployment rate is also negative (-2.1977) and statistically significant, suggesting that the higher unemployment rate is associated with financial inclusiveness. These findings indicate that a decline in the delivery of financial services in developing nations attest to illiteracy and unemployment. This study concluded that there is a need to improve education and employment rates in rural areas of developing countries to achieve optimal inclusiveness of financial services and products.

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Do illiteracy and unemployment affect financial inclusion in the rural areas of developing countries?

The objective of this research is to undertake the digital literacy competence among the SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) actors and to answer the previous research evidence that digital literacy is still under study; therefore, digital literacy among the SMEs a cluster of MSME, natural dyes Batik Kebon Indah Bayat Klaten is used as location of this research. Method of the study was carried out by census to all members of cluster batik natural dyes in Bayat Kebon Indah Klaten. All 186 batik members were withdrawn as respondent of this study, the reason for withdrawing all cooperative member of Kebon Indah because they were engaged in digital marketing activities to promote their natural dyes batik products. The engagement in social media to promote their products was vulnerable to digital illiteracy exposures. Digital literacy is a mediating variable bridging the gap between digital marketing capability and SME business performance. The findings reveal that digital marketing capability has a significant impact on SME business performance, digital literacy has a considerable effect on SME's business performance, and digital literacy significantly impacts digital marketing capability. Implication of the study found out that digital literacy prevented the respondents to believe in hoax, several deceiver’s efforts of business deceptions, therefore digital literacy strengthened them to be cautious in managing their business.

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Digital Marketing Development Model through Digital Literacy Mediation to Improve SME's Performance

The presence of students in the world of Islamic banking as a young generation provides an opportunity for banks to continue to exist in the midst of existing competition. This study investigates how the influence of financial literacy and Islamic financial inclusion in attracting customer interest from among students. This research uses a type of quantitative research with statistical data. The number of respondents was 144 respondents who were students of the Islamic banking study program at the Parepare State Islamic Institute and Parepare Muhammadiyah University. Data analysis technique is a process used to manage research results in order to obtain a conclusion. Statistics is knowledge about data collection, data classification, data presentation, data management, drawing conclusions and making decisions based on certain problems. one sample t test, multiple linear regression test. Partial Test (t test), Simultaneous F Test and Coefficient of Determination Test. The results of the Financial Literacy research show that from the sample calculation values ​​above, it is found that the average financial literacy is 43.2% of what is expected. Thus financial literacy is in the good category. Financial inclusion, shows that from the sample calculation value above, it is found that the average financial inclusion = 28.8% is in the good category. Interest in Using Islamic Financial Institutions, shows that from the sample calculation value above it is found that the average financial literacy is 21.6% of what is expected. The correlation coefficient is 0.804 with a significance of 0.000. Because the significance is 0.000 <0.05, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that there is a positive and significant relationship between financial literacy and inclusion on the interest of Islamic Banking students at IAIN Parepare and Muhammadiyah Parepare University. The effect of financial literacy and inclusion on student interest in using Islamic financial institutions is 0.804. The calculated F-value is 62,932 with a significance level of 0.000. Because the P-Value <0.05, Ho is rejected or in other words the coefficients β1 and β2 affect Y together so that it can be said that the regression model.

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The Relationship of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion in Attracting Student Interest to Become Customers Syariah Banking

The Interplay of Skills, Digital Financial Literacy, Capability, and Autonomy in Financial Decision Making and Well-Being

Sardar Sarovar Injustices

In this paper we explore the role migrant skill composition plays in remittances and income inequality’ relationships, using a panel study of 53 African countries over the period 1990–2020 and referring to two strands of literature that demonstrate that (1) highly skilled migrants widen the income gap in the home country; and (2) they have fewer incentives to remit compared to their less-skilled compatriots. The instrumental variable technique was employed to estimate a dynamic panel data model whilst rectifying endogeneity issues. The findings reveal that a policy that shifts the migrant skill composition toward the less-skilled workers could channel more remittance funds to poor households, resulting in diminishing the income disparity in the home country. Migration policies attempting to mitigate the brain drain and facilitate the migration of low-skilled workers would enable the attenuation of the income inequality gap. 

Rekha Oleschak Pillai

Papers

The Interplay of Skills, Digital Financial Literacy, Capability, and Autonomy in Financial Decision Making and Well-Being

Analysing the behavioural, psychological, and demographic determinants of financial decision making of household investors

Sardar Sarovar Injustices

Do low-skilled migrant remittances help achieve SDG 10?