The authors present the Annual Oral Cancer Campaign of Araraquara promoted by the Oral Medicine Service of the Araraquara Dental School – UNESP. This campaign is an extension activity which, since its beginning, in 1993, has been expanding.The campaign provides background for teaching and research as well as benefits to the regional community. In 1999 this activity was conducted, for the first time, in a public fair visited daily for thousands people. This opportunity, which started in 1999, promoted the expansion of benefits and contributed to legitimate the campaign as an authentic extramural extension activity.

/pdf/campanha-de-prevencao-do-cancer-bucal-em-araraquara-uma-5dnq3ggd6e.pdf

Campanha de prevenção do câncer bucal em Araraquara: uma iniciativa de extensão consolidada em 11 anos de experiência

Women, policy and politics. The construction of policy problems

North Carolina State Univ

Political Character of Adolescence

Considering the large amount of research being undertaken in Eastern Europe and elsewhere involving the use of more than one language, there has been a remarkable silence in sociological debate about the status of this research. In this article I argue that such issues should be of concern to social scientists generally as well as to linguists. Using my own research with British-Polish communities, I raise some concerns surrounding the translation of concepts. I suggest one way of beginning to address these problematics: an opening of discussion on an analytical level with those who are often seen as mere technicians, translators and interpreters.

Watch your tongue : Issues in translation and cross-cultural research

Poland's transition from communism to democracy was marked by rhetoric that expressed democratic principles as the basis for organizing political life. Given the fundamentally moral message of the radical transformation throughout Eastern Europe, we would expect officials assuming office in these times to be strongly motivated by ethical principles as a basis for decision making. Arguably, office seekers would be idealists who believed that the principled rhetoric of the revolution could come to fruition in governmental actions. And this might be particularly true for elected officials who were obliged to organize beliefs based on principle into a political platform. Furthermore, we would expect the new decision makers in the initial stages to shun mindless deference to established rules, since their entire political context was marked by a rejection of established rules and the absence of a recent tradition that would provide a cultural framework for obedience to the law. In this context one might assume that only the former Communist Party officials who survived the transition in government would hold fast to the protection of the law as the basis for decision making in ambiguous moral situations. A focus group held with public administrators in Warsaw in the fall of 1990 reinforced these inferences. When we asked these officials to reflect on how they would handle an ethical dilemma in the workplace, we found that principled reasoning strongly outranked deference to law or rules as their preferred basis for decision making. This reinforced our assumption that if principled reasoning could ever guide public decision making, it would emerge strongly to guide those who assumed the mantle of public office in the new regime in Poland. With this set of expectations we undertook a study of the systems of moral reasoning which public officials in newly democratic Poland employed as they resolved ethical dilemmas in their work lives. Since most of our studies in the United States had focused on local officials, we held that focus in Poland. However, though our U.S. studies (Stewart and Sprinthall, 1994) included only appointed public administrators, the fluid political situation in Poland warranted including a comparison group of elected Polish local officials as well. The Background Though public administration literature is rich with analyses of codes (Chandler, 1983; Plant, 1994), climates (Bonczek, 1992; Bonczek and Menzel, 1994), and criminal sanctions (Doig, 1983; Doig, Phillips and Mason, 1984) as they relate to ethical decision making, research on individuals and their ethical choices in public office settings is not extensive. We do know much about how people generally reason in moral situations (Kohlberg, 1981; Rest, 1979, 1986) and that these reasoning patterns hold across cultures (Snarey, 1985). Working with Lawrence Kohlberg's stage model of moral maturity, we also know that there is a substantial degree of consistency between individual behavior and the moral judgment stage particularly at the more advanced levels (Blasi, 1980). Further, we know that the moral development research carried out in Poland since 1984 has confirmed the universal developmental trend toward principled reasoning determined by level of education and cognitive ability (Jasinska-Kania, 1988, 1989). In addition the research of Lind, Grocholweska, and Langer (1987) in Austria, West Germany, and Poland has further supported the cross-cultural validity of Kohlberg's moral development theory. However, only two empirical studies were relevant to a focus on public officials and their traits, beliefs, personal choices, and actions in relation to their ethical choices. Bowman (1990) has studied perceptions regarding ethics in society and government as well as overall organizational approaches to moral standards in a sample of 750 federal, state, and local officials who were members of ASPA in 1989. Stewart and Sprinthall have conducted studies of moral reasoning among North Carolina (1994) and Florida (1992) public administrators using an instrument built on the moral development theory of Lawrence Kohlberg. …

Ethical Reasoning in a Time of Revolution: A Study of Local Officials in Poland.

It is suggested that the processes of women's activation on their own behalf are extremely complex and subject to differing courses, depending on the specific conditions existing in particular countries. In the case of Poland, the processes of activation and emancipation of women are not linear. The political activity of Polish women is largely conditioned by national history and the hierarchy of values in Polish society.

Women and Social Movements in Poland

Translator’s Note by Ray Taras

The situations of men and women in the labor market in particular countries strongly differ from one another. The differences are loosely related to attitudes concerning work, family life, and gender. This article characterizes Polish social politics and society as a mosaic of traditional and nontraditional values, expectations, and behaviors when it comes to family and work. One of the basic questions is whether new lines of conflict and new spheres of understanding are emerging between women and men as they adapt to changing living conditions in the postcommunist era. These changes are taking place in the context of transforming living conditions and of social and cultural capital that is increasing faster for women than for men, while gender inequality still dominates the relationship between men and women. Public policy is confronted with changing systems of values and attitudes toward family and work. These changes are not occurring at the same pace with changes in different social groups, even thoug...

Gender, Family, and Work: The Case of Poland in Cross-National Perspective

The examination of the intergenerational differences in two groups of democratic countries (traditional democratic countries and countries that began to establish democratic systems a little more t...

Renata Siemieńska

Papers

Ethical Reasoning in a Time of Revolution: A Study of Local Officials in Poland.

Women and Social Movements in Poland

Translator’s Note by Ray Taras

Gender, Family, and Work: The Case of Poland in Cross-National Perspective

Intergenerational Differences in Political Values and Attitudes in Stable and New Democracies