Due to the current structure of digital factory, it is necessary to build the smart factory to upgrade the manufacturing industry. Smart factory adopts the combination of physical technology and cyber technology and deeply integrates previously independent discrete systems making the involved technologies more complex and precise than they are now. In this paper, a hierarchical architecture of the smart factory was proposed first, and then the key technologies were analyzed from the aspects of the physical resource layer, the network layer, and the data application layer. In addition, we discussed the major issues and potential solutions to key emerging technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing, which are embedded in the manufacturing process. Finally, a candy packing line was used to verify the key technologies of smart factory, which showed that the overall equipment effectiveness of the equipment is significantly improved.

Smart Factory of Industry 4.0: Key Technologies, Application Case, and Challenges

Cloud-assisted industrial cyber-physical systems

Application of wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring in underground coal mines: A systematic review

Vehicular cloud networks: Challenges, architectures, and future directions

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01724317/document

On the role and the importance of features for background modeling and foreground detection

Energy savings optimization becomes one of the major concerns in the wireless sensor network (WSN) routing protocol design, due to the fact that most sensor nodes are equipped with the limited nonrechargeable battery power. In this paper, we focus on minimizing energy consumption and maximizing network lifetime for data relay in one-dimensional (1-D) queue network. Following the principle of opportunistic routing theory, multihop relay decision to optimize the network energy efficiency is made based on the differences among sensor nodes, in terms of both their distance to sink and the residual energy of each other. Specifically, an Energy Saving via Opportunistic Routing (ENS_OR) algorithm is designed to ensure minimum power cost during data relay and protect the nodes with relatively low residual energy. Extensive simulations and real testbed results show that the proposed solution ENS_OR can significantly improve the network performance on energy saving and wireless connectivity in comparison with other existing WSN routing schemes.

Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Relay Node Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks

https://www.ics.uci.edu/~dwu3/images/WuCCJ2010.pdf

A holistic approach to wireless sensor network routing in underground tunnel environments

To improve the quality of wireless communication and extend the range of networking applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), a hybrid VANET structure is proposed by the combination of the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) and the Ad Hoc Network. Making use of location information, congestion monitoring and routing switch, we design a geographic load balancing routing in hybrid VANETs, namely GLRV. The mesh routers are deployed to provide backbone supports. Data packet are transmitted in the form of forwarding set to provide multiple forwarding candidates. Three routing switch strategies are designed to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS) under various network connectivity and load scenarios, which are mesh routing when the mesh router is available, geographic greedy routing when the network connectivity is good, and opportunistic routing when the network connectivity is poor. Simulation results show that GLRV can reduce the transmission latency and increase network delivery ratio in hybrid VANET architecture.

Geographic load balancing routing in hybrid Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

WiFi access points, mesh routers, wireless sensors and any other wireless routers along the road can serve as roadside unit (RSU), and these RSUs can provide infrastructural supports for wireless access and data dissemination in cyber-transportation systems. We present a hybrid routing scheme in vehicular networks for inter-vehicle, vehicle-to-roadside and inter-roadside data dissemination in urban hybrid networks. First, a location-based crowdsensing framework, including online sensing and offline crowdsourcing, is proposed to retrieve the number and location of available RSU resources. Then, we combine RSU resources and ad hoc solutions to design a routing switch mechanism, which can guarantee quality of data dissemination under various network connectivity and deployment configurations. The performance of our hybrid data dissemination scheme is evaluated using both simulation and real testbed experiments.

Efficient data dissemination by crowdsensing in vehicular networks

The traditional networking builds on layered protocol architecture to isolate the complexities in different layers. It has been realized that real-life wireless sensor networks (WSNs) must be considered holistically across different layers for optimum performance. We consider a special case of WSNs that is deployed in underground tunnels. Underground communications present unique signal propagation characteristics due to the geographic and geological features, which in turn impact the underground network deployment and multi-hop routing patterns. We propose an efficient routing algorithm, called BRIT (bounce routing in tunnels), for underground WSNs, and evaluate BRIT against the bottomline AODV in terms of network throughput, packet loss rate, stability and latencies using simulations. The contributions of the paper include a hybrid signal propagation model in three dimentional underground tunnels, an assortment of sensor deployment strategies in tunnels, an integrated routing metric (forwarding speed), and a route suppression mechanism.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Di_Wu35/publication/220963740_A_Holistic_Routing_Protocol_Design_in_Underground_Wireless_Sensor_Networks/links/0deec52897a3b0baf5000000.pdf

Renfa Li

Papers

Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Relay Node Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks

A holistic approach to wireless sensor network routing in underground tunnel environments

Geographic load balancing routing in hybrid Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Efficient data dissemination by crowdsensing in vehicular networks

A Holistic Routing Protocol Design in Underground Wireless Sensor Networks