Pharmaceuticals are environmental contaminants that have been widely detected in aquatic media. In this review, the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, its major causes, and implications along with effective procedures for their removal from contaminated water have been studied. Adsorption stands out as a promising treatment method, since it offers advantages such as lower energy consumption and simpler operation conditions in comparison to other tertiary treatments. Although commercial activated carbon is extensively studied as an adsorbent of pharmaceuticals, its large-scale application is limited by the high costs. Therefore, different nonconventional low-cost materials have been investigated and adsorbents based on clays, biochars, chitosan, agricultural and industrial wastes, and metal–organic frameworks have been addressed in many studies for pharmaceuticals uptake from water and wastewater. This article reviews key publications on this subject, discussing adsorption performance in ter...

Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals from Water and Wastewater Using Nonconventional Low-Cost Materials: A Review

Naturally occurring diatomaceous earth (diatomite) has been tested as a potential sorbent for Pb(II) ions. The intrinsic exchange properties were further improved by modification with manganese oxides. Modified adsorbent (referred to as Mn-diatomite) showed a higher tendency for adsorbing lead ions from solution at pH 4. The high performance exhibited by Mn-diatomite was attributed to increased surface area and higher negative surface charge after modification. Scanning electron microscope pictures revealed a birnessite structure of manganese oxides, which was featured by a plate-like-crystal structure. Diatomite filtration quality was improved after modification by manganese oxides. Good filtration qualities combined with high exchange capacity emphasised the potential use of Mn-diatomite in filtration systems.

19. Al-Degs Y., MAM Khraisheh, Tutunji, M.F, Sorption of lead ions on diatomite and manganese-oxides modified diatomite.

Materials science is the study of processing-structure-property relationships in materials of importance to society, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, biomaterials, nanomaterials, and their combinations (composites). Materials scientists pay special attention to “microstructure”—i.e., how materials are constructed on the microscopic, submicroscopic, and even the nanometer levels, and how this affects their properties. Given the wide range of uses for materials, their properties of interest are similarly broad, from mechanical (e.g., strength) to electrical (e.g., semiconduction) to biological (e.g., biocompatibility).

Materials Science 高分子の材料科学

Calcium-rich biochar from crab shell: An unexpected super adsorbent for dye removal

Introduction to infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Abatement of organic pollutants using fly ash based adsorbents.

The release of large quantities of heavy metals (e.g., Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, etc.) into the natural environment has resulted in a significant number of environmental problems, disorderliness in human physiology, and other biological systems due to their high toxicity to plant, animal, and human life. This review paper explores the feasibility of diatomaceous earth for the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater, its application in metal adsorption, and wastewater purification. Impregnating the diatomite surface with 0.38 g/g of manganese oxide gave a 2.4-fold increase in the adsorbent surface area. A number of equilibrium studies demonstrated that treated diatomite has a higher removal capacity for heavy metals from water than untreated diatomite. The future challenges and prospect of diatomite were also addressed. Conclusively, it was established that the use of diatomaceous earth is a promising technology in the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters and environment

Insights into the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater using Diatomaceous Earth

Theoretical calculations of molecular descriptors for anticancer activities of 1, 2, 3-triazole-pyrimidine derivatives against gastric cancer cell line (MGC-803): DFT, QSAR and docking approaches.

The study of biomineralization offers valuable and incredible insights into the scope and nature of material chemistry at the inorganic and organic surfaces. Biological systems (architecture) are replete with examples of organic supramolecular assemblies (double and triplet helices, multisubunit proteins, membrane- bound reaction centres, vesicle, tubules e. t. c.), some of which (collagen, cellulose and chitin) extend to microscopic dimensions in the form of hierarchical structure, There are ample opportunities of lessons from the biological (on growth and functional adaptation), and physical (properties and compositions) world. This review explores the field of biomimetic material chemistry as it relates to fibres with respect to their historical perspective, the use of the products of biomimetic material, the progressive efforts and a general overview. Conclusively, biomimetic materials research is indeed a rapidly growing and enormously promising field that needs to be explored.

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Rhoda Oyeladun Oyewole

Papers

Abatement of organic pollutants using fly ash based adsorbents.

Insights into the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater using Diatomaceous Earth

Theoretical calculations of molecular descriptors for anticancer activities of 1, 2, 3-triazole-pyrimidine derivatives against gastric cancer cell line (MGC-803): DFT, QSAR and docking approaches.

Biomimetic Materials in Our World: A Review.