There is a special reason for reviewing this book at this time: it is the 50th edition of a compendium that is known and used frequently in most chemical and physical laboratories in many parts of the world. Surely, a publication that has been published for 56 years, withstanding the vagaries of science in this century, must have had something to offer. There is another reason: while the book is a standard fixture in most chemical and physical laboratories, including those in medical centers, it is not as frequently seen in the laboratories of physician's offices (those either in solo or group practice). I believe that the Handbook can be useful in those laboratories. One of the reasons, among others, is that the various basic items of information it offers may be helpful in new tests, either physical or chemical, which are continuously being published. The basic information may relate

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

The Visual Display of Quantitative Information

This paper describes the physics case for a new fixed target facility at CERN SPS. The SHiP (search for hidden particles) experiment is intended to hunt for new physics in the largely unexplored domain of very weakly interacting particles with masses below the Fermi scale, inaccessible to the LHC experiments, and to study tau neutrino physics. The same proton beam setup can be used later to look for decays of tau-leptons with lepton flavour number non-conservation, $\tau \to 3\mu $ and to search for weakly-interacting sub-GeV dark matter candidates. We discuss the evidence for physics beyond the standard model and describe interactions between new particles and four different portals—scalars, vectors, fermions or axion-like particles. We discuss motivations for different models, manifesting themselves via these interactions, and how they can be probed with the SHiP experiment and present several case studies. The prospects to search for relatively light SUSY and composite particles at SHiP are also discussed. We demonstrate that the SHiP experiment has a unique potential to discover new physics and can directly probe a number of solutions of beyond the standard model puzzles, such as neutrino masses, baryon asymmetry of the Universe, dark matter, and inflation.

/pdf/a-facility-to-search-for-hidden-particles-at-the-cern-sps-3pxaggnjt6.pdf

A facility to search for hidden particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case.

The main objectives of the KM3NeT Collaboration are (i) the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe and (ii) the determination of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. These objectives are strongly motivated by two recent important discoveries, namely: (1) the high-energy astrophysical neutrino signal reported by IceCube and (2) the sizable contribution of electron neutrinos to the third neutrino mass eigenstate as reported by Daya Bay, Reno and others. To meet these objectives, the KM3NeT Collaboration plans to build a new Research Infrastructure consisting of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. A phased and distributed implementation is pursued which maximises the access to regional funds, the availability of human resources and the synergistic opportunities for the Earth and sea sciences community. Three suitable deep-sea sites are selected, namely off-shore Toulon (France), Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy) and Pylos (Peloponnese, Greece). The infrastructure will consist of three so-called building blocks. A building block comprises 115 strings, each string comprises 18 optical modules and each optical module comprises 31 photo-multiplier tubes. Each building block thus constitutes a three-dimensional array of photo sensors that can be used to detect the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic particles emerging from neutrino interactions. Two building blocks will be sparsely configured to fully explore the IceCube signal with similar instrumented volume, different methodology, improved resolution and complementary field of view, including the galactic plane. One building block will be densely configured to precisely measure atmospheric neutrino oscillations.

Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0

We describe a theoretical framework for reversibly modulating 4D light fields using an attenuating mask in the optical path of a lens based camera. Based on this framework, we present a novel design to reconstruct the 4D light field from a 2D camera image without any additional refractive elements as required by previous light field cameras. The patterned mask attenuates light rays inside the camera instead of bending them, and the attenuation recoverably encodes the rays on the 2D sensor. Our mask-equipped camera focuses just as a traditional camera to capture conventional 2D photos at full sensor resolution, but the raw pixel values also hold a modulated 4D light field. The light field can be recovered by rearranging the tiles of the 2D Fourier transform of sensor values into 4D planes, and computing the inverse Fourier transform. In addition, one can also recover the full resolution image information for the in-focus parts of the scene. We also show how a broadband mask placed at the lens enables us to compute refocused images at full sensor resolution for layered Lambertian scenes. This partial encoding of 4D ray-space data enables editing of image contents by depth, yet does not require computational recovery of the complete 4D light field.

/pdf/dappled-photography-mask-enhanced-cameras-for-heterodyned-1i97zhw7x7.pdf

Dappled photography: mask enhanced cameras for heterodyned light fields and coded aperture refocusing

Water-based Cherenkov counters are considered for remote detection of special nuclear materials with aid of active interrogation We designed and manufactured a detector capable of gamma ray detection and demonstrated particle energy discrimination ability Background reduction techniques based on energy threshold and photomultiplier tube multiplicity were implemented in particle detection Both approaches resulted in a significant suppression of low-level background

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6144196/6152483/06154304.pdf

Cherenkov counters for the detection of gamma rays from active interrogation

The uranium neutron coincidence collar uses thermal neutron interrogation to verify the 235U mass in low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel assemblies in fuel fabrication facilities. Burnable poisons are ...

Using the Time-Correlated Induced Fission Method to Simultaneously Measure the 235U Content and the Burnable Poison Content in LWR Fuel Assemblies

This paper presents an overview of the engineering upgrades being made to optimize the AIMS diagnostic on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, a novel, particle accelerator-based diagnostic that can nondestructively measure the evolution of material surface compositions inside magnetic fusion devices. Three major AIMS subsystems are presented: the RFQ deuteron accelerator; the particle detectors; and the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The combined results of the upgrades will enable AIMS to routinely map critical plasma-material interaction quantities, such as net erosion/redeposition and fusion fuel retention, over large areas of PFC surfaces between plasma shots and after the run day.

Engineering upgrades to the accelerator-based in-situ materials surveillance diagnostic on Alcator C-Mod

The need for large-size detectors for long-range standoff detection generated interest in waterbased detector technologies. Computational results of Cherenkov counter for neutron and gamma detection are presented. Neutron capture is enhanced by loading the tank with 0.2% wt. GdCl3 because of large neutron capture cross section of the Gd isotopes (49,000 barns for natural Gd). Neutron detection is achieved through Cherenkov light generated by Compton scatter by 8 MeV gamma-ray cascade following neutron capture on Gd. Gd absorption modeling and optical photon transport in Geant4 are described. Because of the directional nature of Cherenkov radiation, the detector performance strongly depends on the wall reflectivity and water absorption length. The number of photomultiplier tubes for photon detection can be reduced by using high-reflectivity walls.

Richard C. Lanza

Papers

Cherenkov counters for the detection of gamma rays from active interrogation

Using the Time-Correlated Induced Fission Method to Simultaneously Measure the 235U Content and the Burnable Poison Content in LWR Fuel Assemblies

Engineering upgrades to the accelerator-based in-situ materials surveillance diagnostic on Alcator C-Mod

Cherenkov neutron detector simulation and analysis