https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6461579/Dijk06digital.pdf

Digital divide research, achievements and shortcomings

In this study, we developed a conceptual model for studying the adoption of electronic business (e-business or EB) at the firm level, incorporating six adoption facilitators and inhibitors, based on the technology-organization-environment theoretical framework. Survey data from 3100 businesses and 7500 consumers in eight European countries were used to test the proposed adoption model. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess the reliability and validity of constructs. To examine whether adoption patterns differ across different e-business environments, we divided the full sample into high EB-intensity and low EB-intensity countries. After controlling for variations of industry and country effects, the fitted Iogit models demonstrated four findings: (1) Technology competence, firm scope and size, consumer readiness, and competitive pressure are significant adoption drivers, while lack of trading partner readiness is a significant adoption inhibitor. (2) As EB-intensity increases, two environmental factors - consumer readiness and lack of trading partner readiness - become less important, while competitive pressure remains significant. (3) In high EB-intensity countries, e-business is no longer a phenomenon dominated by large firms; as more and more firms engage in e-business, network effect works to the advantage of small firms. (4) Firms are more cautious in adopting e-business in high EB-intensity countries - it seems to suggest that the more informed firms are less aggressive in adopting e-business, a somehow surprising result. Explanations and implications are offered.

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Electronic business adoption by European firms: a cross-country assessment of the facilitators and inhibitors

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the the idea of a university is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.

The idea of a university

by Fritz Machlup. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1962. Pp. xx+416. $7.50. In this book Professor Machlup has twice defined knowledge as \"any human (or human-induced) activity designed to create, alter, or confirm in a human mind-one's own or anyone else's-a meaningful apperception, awareness, cognizance, or consciousness of whatever it may be.\" Though the term \"distribution\" appears in his title, it is in fact subsumed under knowledge production; Machlup is using \"distribution\" in the sense of knowledge transmission or diffusion as a process, which becomes part of \"production\" in economic analysis through exactly the same logic that identifies retailing, for example, as an economically \"productive\" activity. Knowledge production is thus defined to include many types of activities: transporting (e.g., postal services), transforming, data-processing, interpreting, and analyzing, as well as the original creation of new knowledge by discovery or invention. Machlup's concern is with three tasks: 1. A reasoned introductory presentation of concepts and types of knowledge. This analysis provides the broad framework and criteria for selection of what is to be included as knowledge-producing. 2. The measurement of the components of knowledge production and its share in gross national product or national income. This task occupies the bulk of the book. 3. The presentation of a program of school reform. Although the definition of knowledge cuts an exceedingly wide swath, Machlup narrows his task to manageable proportions by

The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States.

Digital inequality is one of the most critical issues in the knowledge economy. The private and public sectors have devoted tremendous resources to address such inequality, yet the results are inconclusive. Theoretically grounded empirical research is needed both to expand our understanding of digital inequality and to inform effective policy making and intervention. The context of our investigation is a city government project, known as the LaGrange Internet TV initiative, which allowed all city residents to access the Internet via their cable televisions at no additional cost. We examine the residents' post-implementation continued use intentions through a decomposed theory of planned behavior perspective, which is elaborated to include personal network exposure. Differences in the behavioral models between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged users who have direct usage experience are theorized and empirically tested. The results reveal distinct behavioral models and isolate the key factors that differentially impact the two groups. The advantaged group has a higher tendency to respond to personal network exposure. Enjoyment and confidence in using information and communication technologies, availability, and perceived behavioral control are more powerful in shaping continued ICT use intention for the disadvantaged. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

/pdf/understanding-digital-inequality-comparing-continued-use-a4rg0u96r5.pdf

Understanding digital inequality: comparing continued use behavioral models of the socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged

Understanding the Digital Divide

by Christine Pearson and Christine Porath, London, Portfolio, 2009, xiv + 224 pp., $25.95, ISBN 978-1-59184-261-3 The Cost of Bad Behavior may seem an odd book review choice in Prometheus, which ha...

The cost of bad behavior: how incivility is damaging your business and what to do about it

Silicon Valley in Southern California has, over the past 30 years, become a model for high technology development in many parts of the world. Associated with Silicon Valley is a common rhetoric and mythology that explains the origins of this area of high technology agglomeration and indeed the business and entrepreneurial attributes needed for success. Governments in many parts of the world (including Southeast Asia and Australia) have tried to emulate this growth through various industry and regional development mechanisms, in particular, the science or technology park. More recently, promoting developments in information technology has come to be seen as an integral feature of these parks' activities. In this paper, we argue that the modeling process used by governments to promote Silicon Valley-like regional development has tended to model the wrong things about Silicon Valley. The models have tended to be mechanical and have failed to reflect the nature of information and information industries. While...

Rethinking Silicon Valley: New Perspectives on Regional Development

Higher Education or Education for Hire?: Language and Values in Australian Universities, Ian Reid, Rockhampton, Queensland, Central Queensland University Press, 1996, v + 171 pp., AU$19.95, ISBN 1 875998136

This chapter argues that there is a disjuncture between the critical assessment of the academic literature about most science parks and their growing number worldwide. After briefly detailing the spread of science parks, the chapter explores their nomenclature as part of a broader categorization of the type of parks found today. Several rationales for parks are examined. The skepticism commonly expressed about science parks in the literature is analyzed and contrasted with their continued popularity. The chapter concludes with an assessment of possible new directions for science parks.

Richard Joseph

Papers

Understanding the Digital Divide

The cost of bad behavior: how incivility is damaging your business and what to do about it

Rethinking Silicon Valley: New Perspectives on Regional Development

Higher Education or Education for Hire?: Language and Values in Australian Universities, Ian Reid, Rockhampton, Queensland, Central Queensland University Press, 1996, v + 171 pp., AU$19.95, ISBN 1 875998136

Science Parks: A Triumph of Hype over Experience?