How people intentionally change addictive behaviors with and without treatment is not well understood by behavioral scientists. This article summarizes research on self-initiated and professionally facilitated change of addictive behaviors using the key transtheoretical constructs of stages and processes of change. Modification of addictive behaviors involves progression through five stages—precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance—and individuals typically recycle through these stages several times before termination of the addiction. Multiple studies provide strong support for these stages as well as for a finite and common set of change processes used to progress through the stages. Research to date supports a transtheoretical model of change that systematically integrates the stages with processes of change from diverse theories of psychotherapy.

http://cedd.org.au/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/In-Search-of-How-People-Change-Applications-to-Addictive-Behaviours.pdf

In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors.

This integrative study investigated the generalization of the transtheoretical model across 12 problem behaviors. The cross-sectional comparisons involved relationships between two key constructs of the model, the stages of change and decisional balance. The behaviors studied were smoking cessation, quitting cocaine, weight control, high-fat diets, adolescent delinquent behaviors, safer sex, condom use, sunscreen use, radon gas exposure, exercise acquisition, mammography screening, and physicians' preventive practices with smokers. Clear commonalities were observed across the 12 areas, including both the internal structure of the measures and the pattern of changes in decisional balance across stages.

https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/hea/13/1/39.pdf

Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviors

This article contains a comprehensive, critical review of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-risk-reduction literature on interventions that have targeted risky sexual behavior and intravenous drug use practices. A conceptually based, highly generalizable model for promoting and evaluating AIDS-risk behavior change in any population of interest is then proposed. The model holds that AIDS-risk reduction is a function of people's information about AIDS transmission and prevention, their motivation to reduce AIDS risk, and their behavioral skills for performing the specific acts involved in risk reduction. Supportive tests of this model, using structural equation modeling techniques, are then reported for populations of university students and gay male affinity group members.

/pdf/changing-aids-risk-behavior-10v3exqgtq.pdf

Changing AIDS-risk behavior.

Given the proliferation of factor analysis applications in the literature, the present article examines the use of factor analysis in current published research across four psychological journals. ...

Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice

The major patterns of self-regulatory failure are reviewed. Underregulation occurs because of deficient standards, inadequate monitoring, or inadequate strength. Misregulation occurs because of false assumptions or misdirected efforts, especially an unwarranted emphasis on emotion. The evidence supports a strength (limited resource) model of self-regulation and suggests that people often acquiesce in losing control. Loss of control of attention, failure of transcendence, and various lapse-activated causes all contribute to regulatory failure.

Self-Regulation Failure: An Overview

Independent Performance Among Individuals with Mental Retardation - Carolyn Hughes Promoting Generalization through Self-Instruction Teaching Self-Instructional Skills to Persons with Mental Retardation - Martin Agran and Ronald C Martella A Descriptive and Experimental Analysis Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Brain-Impaired Individuals - Michael D Franzen Harnessing Computer Technology for Behavioral Therapy Training and Research - Matthew E Lambert and Maralyn Billings Injury Control in Children - Edward R Christophersen and Patty C Purvis The Behavioral Model and Adolescents with Behavior Disorders - Ellen Olinger and Michael H Epstein A Review of Selected Treatment Studies

Progress in Behavior Modification

Thirty-two assertive situations that varied in social-interpersonal context were administered to 60 hospitalized psychiatric patients via role playing. Half of the role-played situations required the expression of negative (hostile) assertiveness, and the other half required positive (commendatory) assertive expression. Situational context was varied by having the subjects respond to male and female interpersonal partners who were either familiar or unfamiliar to patients. Responses were videotaped and rated on five measures of speech content and seven measures of nonverbal behavior. Additionally, groups of high- and low-assertive patients were identified from the total sample using a behavioral measure of global assertiveness and a self-report instrument. Results indicated that interpersonal behavior in assertive situations varied as a function of social context. Further, highland low-assertive subjects were differentiated on the basis of 9 of the 12 measures of interpersonal behavior. Support for a stimulus specific theory of assertive behaviors and implications for assertive training are discussed.

Situational determinants of assertive behaviors.

Masculine gender role stress: Implications for the assessment of men

This article proposes an approach to understanding men's abuse of their intimate partners. The authors suggest that the concept of masculine gender role stress (MGRS) might be useful in identifying men who are predisposed to become abusive with their intimate partners. College men who scored either high or low on an MGRS scale were assessed, and their attributions, affect, and conflict resolution behavior toward their intimate female partners were examined. Participants were presented with masculine-gender-relevant and masculine-gender-irrelevant vignettes involving disputes with their intimate female partners. Results indicated that men high in MGRS attributed greater negative intent; expressed more irritation, anger, and jealousy; and endorsed aggressive responding more often than did men low in MGRS. Implications of MGRS and masculine relevance of conflicts for understanding male abusive behavior are discussed.

Masculine Gender Role Stress and Intimate Abuse: Effects of Gender Relevance of Conflict Situations on Men's Attributions and Affective Responses

Masculine gender role stress and intimate abuse: Effects of masculine gender relevance of dating situations and female threat on men's attributions and affective responses.

Richard M. Eisler

Papers

Progress in Behavior Modification

Situational determinants of assertive behaviors.

Masculine gender role stress: Implications for the assessment of men

Masculine Gender Role Stress and Intimate Abuse: Effects of Gender Relevance of Conflict Situations on Men's Attributions and Affective Responses

Masculine gender role stress and intimate abuse: Effects of masculine gender relevance of dating situations and female threat on men's attributions and affective responses.