Activated carbon fiber: Fundamentals and applications

Laminate of nonwoven fabric having unique properties suitable especially for use as a recreational fabric in the manufacture of tents, outer garments, tarpaulins and the like. The laminate includes, as essential components, an outer spunbonded layer treated for resistance to ultraviolet radiation and intended as the exposure surface, an inner microporous meltblown layer, preferably densified for resistance to liquid strike-through, and, on the unexposed surface, another nonwoven layer treated for flame retardancy. The combination optionally includes additional pigments in the exposed surface layers for desired appearance as well as pigments and/or ultraviolet radiation resistance treatment in the inner meltblown layer. As additional options, further layers of meltblown or spunbonded nonwovens may be included to attain desired physical properties. The resulting material provides a unique combination having excellent properties for recreational fabric uses, especially water repellency, breathability, resistance to degradation by ultraviolet radiation and flame retardancy.

Nonwoven laminate for recreation fabric

A review on membrane engineering for innovation in wearable fabrics and protective textiles

Oxygen plasma and isobutylene plasma treatments of carbon fibers: Determination of surface functionality and effects on composite properties

A process for immobilizing reactive Whetlerite carbon particles and forming a self-supporting structure of high compressive strength therefrom is described in which the self-supporting structure substantially eliminates the formation of carbon fines while retaining the adsorption characteristics of the carbon particles. The process for immobilizing the adsorbent carbon particles in the self-supporting structure comprises the steps of: (a) mixing in an environment having a relative humidity of less than about 35 percent, Whetlerite carbon particles, a major portion of which has particle sizes in the range of from about 200 to about 2,000 microns, with a powdered polymeric binding material, preferably a thermoplastic material having a solid-liquid transition stage, in an amount of about 5 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the total mixture, a major portion of the particles of the polymeric binding material having particle sizes in the range of about 8 to about 30 microns, to form a mixture of the carbon particles partially coated with the polymeric binding material; (b) placing the mixture in a container of a desired shape; and (c) applying a pressure of up to about 400 psi while the mixture is contacted with an inert gas and is at an elevated temperature, this temperature being near the solid-liquid transition stage (when the polymeric binding material is a thermoplastic material), thereby forming the structure and immobilizing the particles.

Self-supporting structures containing immobilized carbon particles and method for forming same

of the Disclosure A laminated, highly sorbent, active carbon fabric which is permeable to moisture vapor while sorbing substantial quantities of toxic chemical vapors, and process of making such a laminated fabric.

Laminated, highly sorbent, active carbon fabric

Phenolic textiles (fiber or fabric) were pyrolyzed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 500°C for up to 4 hr. One hour of pyrolysis gave optimum carbonization based on weight loss. The resulting carbon textiles were activated at 900°C in a carbon dioxide atmosphere for up to 31/2 hr. The level of activity attained was determined routinely by carbon tetrachloride vapor sorption. Surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume determinations were conducted on representative samples. Surface areas as high as about 2800 m2/g were attained.

Activated Carbon Fiber and Fabric Achieved by Pyrolysis and Activation of Phenolic Precursors

Activated carton fabrics and yarns were shown to effectively sorb gases, vapors, and dissolved solids. Fabrics pre pared by Arons and Macnair (phenotic precursor) and Maggs (viscose precursor) were the most activated of all the materials studied. The yarns had a lower activity but probably can be improved to have comparahly high sorption capacity. Other materials studied included permeable textile systems made by mechanically reinforcing carbon fabrics and yarns with stronger materials. For example, selected fabrics were laminated or quilted between two other fabric layers while the yarns were knitted or woven with other yarns.

Sorptive Textile Systems Containing Activated Carbon Fibers

A warp knit fabric containing weft inserted protective yarn-covered activd-carbon yarn which is particularly adapted for use in clothing for protection of the wearer against toxic chemical vapors or gases, the toxic vapors being sorbed by the activated-carbon yarn portion of the weft. Non-carbon yarns are used in the warp.

Warp knit fabric containing weft of protective yarn-covered activated-carbon yarn

— A critical review of photochromism in triphenylmethane derivatives and some related compounds is presented. Most of the triphenylmethane compounds reported to be photochromic as well as some of those reported as non-photochromic are mentioned. Compounds were included only if the conditions under which the observations were made were reasonably well described. Qualitative observations of photochromism are predominant since very little quantitative data are available. Physical properties of the compounds and/or their solutions which appear to be related to photochromism are discussed including conductivity, dielectric constant and dipole moment. Among other topics discussed are mechanisms and kinetic studies.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1967.tb08892.x

Richard N. Macnair

Papers

Laminated, highly sorbent, active carbon fabric

Activated Carbon Fiber and Fabric Achieved by Pyrolysis and Activation of Phenolic Precursors

Sorptive Textile Systems Containing Activated Carbon Fibers

Warp knit fabric containing weft of protective yarn-covered activated-carbon yarn

Photochromism* in triphenylmethanes