Objectives: Lao Juan (LJ, 劳倦) is a syndrome described in Chinese medicine (CM) that manifests with : Lao Juan (LJ, 劳倦) is a syndrome described in Chinese medicine (CM) that manifests with fatigue, fever, spontaneous sweating, indigestion, work-induced pain, weakness of the limbs, and shortness of breath. fatigue, fever, spontaneous sweating, indigestion, work-induced pain, weakness of the limbs, and shortness of breath. The present study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of a Lao Juan Questionnaire (LJQ). The present study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of a Lao Juan Questionnaire (LJQ). Methods: A total of 151 outpatients and 73 normal subjects were asked to complete the LJQ. Seventy-three normal subjects A total of 151 outpatients and 73 normal subjects were asked to complete the LJQ. Seventy-three normal subjects were additionally asked to complete the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS). Twelve clinicians determined whether the were additionally asked to complete the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS). Twelve clinicians determined whether the 151 outpatients exhibited LJ or not. The internal consistency and construct validity for the LJQ were estimated using 151 outpatients exhibited LJ or not. The internal consistency and construct validity for the LJQ were estimated using data from the outpatient subjects. The CFS data were used to examine the concurrent validity of the LJQ. Total LJQ data from the outpatient subjects. The CFS data were used to examine the concurrent validity of the LJQ. Total LJQ scores and the clinicians' diagnoses of the outpatients were used to perform receiver operating characteristics (ROC) scores and the clinicians' diagnoses of the outpatients were used to perform receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses and to defi ne an optimum cut-off score for the LJQ. curve analyses and to defi ne an optimum cut-off score for the LJQ. Results: The 19-item LJQ had satisfactory internal : The 19-item LJQ had satisfactory internal consistency (α=0.828) and concurrent validity, with signifi cant correlations between the LJQ and the CFS subscales. consistency (α=0.828) and concurrent validity, with signifi cant correlations between the LJQ and the CFS subscales. In the test of construct validity using principal component analysis, a total of six factors were extracted, and the overall In the test of construct validity using principal component analysis, a total of six factors were extracted, and the overall variance explained by all factors was 59.5%. In ROC curve analyses, the sensitivity, specifi city, and area under the variance explained by all factors was 59.5%. In ROC curve analyses, the sensitivity, specifi city, and area under the curve were 76.0%, 59.2%, and 0.709, respectively. The optimum cut-off score was defi ned as six points. curve were 76.0%, 59.2%, and 0.709, respectively. The optimum cut-off score was defi ned as six points. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the LJQ is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating LJ. Our results suggest that the LJQ is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating LJ. KEYWORDS Chinese medicine, chronic fatigue syndrome, Chinese medicine-pattern Chinese medicine, chronic fatigue syndrome, Chinese medicine-pattern

Development and Validation of A

We present CasADi, an open-source software framework for numerical optimization. CasADi is a general-purpose tool that can be used to model and solve optimization problems with a large degree of flexibility, larger than what is associated with popular algebraic modeling languages such as AMPL, GAMS, JuMP or Pyomo. Of special interest are problems constrained by differential equations, i.e. optimal control problems. CasADi is written in self-contained C++, but is most conveniently used via full-featured interfaces to Python, MATLAB or Octave. Since its inception in late 2009, it has been used successfully for academic teaching as well as in applications from multiple fields, including process control, robotics and aerospace. This article gives an up-to-date and accessible introduction to the CasADi framework, which has undergone numerous design improvements over the last 7 years.

/pdf/casadi-a-software-framework-for-nonlinear-optimization-and-ddx9m9nls6.pdf

CasADi: a software framework for nonlinear optimization and optimal control

System Identification I

1. Control Methodology 2. Dynamical Systems 3. Applications to Social and Environmental Problems

Dynamics and Control

Among novel technologies for producing electricity from renewable resources, a new class of wind energy converters has been conceived under the name of Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWESs). This new generation of systems employs flying tethered wings or aircraft in order to reach winds blowing at atmosphere layers that are inaccessible by traditional wind turbines. Research on AWESs started in the mid seventies, with a rapid acceleration in the last decade. A number of systems based on radically different concepts have been analyzed and tested. Several prototypes have been developed all over the world and the results from early experiments are becoming available. This paper provides a review of the different technologies that have been conceived to harvest the energy of high-altitude winds, specifically including prototypes developed by universities and companies. A classification of such systems is proposed on the basis of their general layout and architecture. The focus is set on the hardware architecture of systems that have been demonstrated and tested in real scenarios. Promising solutions that are likely to be implemented in the close future are also considered.

/pdf/airborne-wind-energy-systems-a-review-of-the-technologies-3wl1owrilz.pdf

Airborne Wind Energy Systems: A review of the technologies

Ampyx Power develops a pumping kite system with a rigid aircraft that is attached to the tether by a single attachment point. This unbridled configuration allows three degrees of freedom (DOF) for the aircraft attitude and three for the position. The total system can be described by these 6 DOF. Operating the pumping kite system requires a novel view on conventional flight control. A tether based reference frame is introduced that in effect decouples the longitudinal and lateral motion which can then be designed independently allowing the highly dynamic motion of the glider to be controlled through simple control schemes. Furthermore the longitudinal motion is constrained through the tether of which the tangential velocity is controlled by the generator providing an additional control input besides the elevator to control longitudinal motion. Flight tests demonstrate that using the tether based flight control system reasonably simple and commonly used control methods provide satisfactory flight performance. This paper gives an overview of the system components and control strategy and gives a brief overview of preliminary flight tests and performance.

Description and Preliminary Test Results of a Six Degrees of Freedom Rigid Wing Pumping System

Non-powered flight vehicles such as kites can provide a means of transmitting wind energy from higher altitudes to the ground via tethers. At Delft University of Technology, construction and testing of such a high altitude wind machine is ongoing. The concept is called the Laddermill. It generates energy by pulling a line under high tension from a drum with a kite and retrieving it under low tension. The change in tension is achieved by changing the angle of attack and flight pattern of the kite. Although there is increased world wide interest for systems to extract wind energy from higher altitudes with kites, research into kite properties is limited. Such research however is required to enable the design of purpose-built kites for energy extraction. This paper presents testing of surf kites that was performed for model validation. Various models are discussed: a point model, a flexible multi-plate model and a rigid-body arc shaped model. Mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of the kite based on test data are presented.

/pdf/modeling-simulation-and-testing-of-surf-kites-for-power-3jcdiqlbiw.pdf

Modeling, Simulation, and Testing of Surf Kites for Power Generation

Performance assessment of a rigid wing Airborne Wind Energy pumping system

Non-powered flight vehicles such as kites can provide a means of transmitting wind energy from higher altitudes to the ground via tethers. Although there is increased world wide interest for systems to extract wind energy from higher altitudes with kites, research into kite properties such as the coefficients and the stability is limited. Such research is required to increase the knowledge on kites, which would enable the design of purpose-built kites for energy extraction. This paper presents one of the concepts for wind energy extraction from high altitudes; the Laddermill. Furthermore it presents the hardware that was built to do such tests, test procedures for kites and early results of testing of commercially available surf kites.

/pdf/towards-flight-testing-of-remotely-controlled-surfkites-for-5j1ezmi445.pdf

Richard Ruiterkamp

Papers

Description and Preliminary Test Results of a Six Degrees of Freedom Rigid Wing Pumping System

Modeling, Simulation, and Testing of Surf Kites for Power Generation

Performance assessment of a rigid wing Airborne Wind Energy pumping system

Towards Flight Testing of Remotely Controlled Surfkites for Wind Energy Generation

Optimal input design for autonomous aircraft