Introduction PART ONE: COGNITION Ideas and Beliefs Social Beliefs Structures and Strategies Structures of Ideologies Values Mental Models Consistency Consciousness Common Sense Knowledge and Truth Identity Social Cognition PART TWO: SOCIETY Ideology and Society Groups Group Relations Elites Dominant Ideologies? Institutions PART THREE: DISCOURSE The Relevance of Discourse Discourse Structures Context Reproduction From Cognition to Discourse Persuasion Legitimation Ideological Discourse Structures The Ideology and Discourse of Modern Racism Conclusions

Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach

The author, who is concerned with the methodological implications of critical theory, explores issues in the developing area of emancipatory research. She defines the concept of "research as praxis...

Research as Praxis

In this paper, I attempt to reconceptualize validity within the context of openly ideological research.~ The usefulness of this reconceptualization is tested by applying it to examples from three explicitly value-based research programs: feminist research, neo-Marxist critical ethnography, and Freirian "empowering" research. 2 Finally, validity issues within research committed to a more equitable social order are discussed.

Issues of Validity in Openly Ideological Research: Between a Rock and a Soft Place.

The lagging achievement of many U.S. Latinos is staggering. Latinos have the highest high school dropout rate. Further, second- and third-generation Latinos in the United States perform less well than do recent immigrants. These statistics belie the hopes and aspirations for upward mobility, a better life, and the deep value for education that are tightly held by many Latino immigrant families. Understanding this paradox between the aspirations of Latino families and their academic outcomes is the focus of this article. The experiences of Latino children in U.S. schools, the incongruence between the cultural worldviews of U.S. schools and Latino families, and the interactions and expectations for partnerships between families and schools are integrated and applied to the question of why Latino students are not reaching their potential, despite goals for achievement and significant parental sacrifice and investment.

Negotiating the American Dream: The Paradox of Aspirations and Achievement among Latino Students and Engagement between their Families and Schools

Over the past 20 years, research has expanded educators’ knowledge of the impact of high school tracking on students’ curriculum opportunities and outcomes. Researchers also know that students are unevenly distributed among tracks, with low-income and minority students more likely to be in low ability classes for the non-college-bound. At the same time, they still understand little about how schools actually match particular students to tracked courses. Scholars and educators variously draw on technical/structural (e.g., a match between tracking and the differentiated structure of workforce), cultural (e.g., norms regarding race, social class, and educational prospects), and political or individualistic (e.g., choice, parent pressure) theories to explain students’ track assignments. To shed further light on the school dynamics that shape track-related course taking, we provide findings from a 2-year examination of tracking decisions at three comprehensive high schools. Setting these findings against prior...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1163210.pdf

Matchmaking: The Dynamics of High School Tracking Decisions

(1982). IDEOLOGY, CULTURE AND THE PROCESS OF SCHOOLING: AN EXTENDED REVIEW OF HENRY GIROUX. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 66-78.

Ideology, Culture and The Process of Schooling: An Extended Review of Henry Giroux

In this paper, the argument is made that forms of consciousness, knowledge, sentiments and values that teachers use as part of their cultural repertoires in schools are the result of social constitution. The ‘social’ is composed of a number of overlapping discourses that are characteristic of schools everywhere. ‘Teacher culture’ is a signifier for the production and consumption of these discourses. Recent trends to emphasise the plurality of teacher culture(s) are countered by a review of work that suggests more uniformity in teacher culture.

Constructing Teacher Culture

Political Censorship in the Teaching of Social Sciences: Queensland Scenarios:

Since its inception as a subdiscipline, the anthropology of education literature has been characterized by the volume and richness of descriptive ethnographies. Periodic review papers have commented on the lack of conceptual clarity in the key areas of cultural transmission and acquisition, but the theoretical challenges of such papers have been addressed infrequently. This paper attempts to clearly focus on the conceptual dilemmas that are inherent in the theories most widely adopted in the subdiscipline. By an analysis of the intrapsychic and interpsychic models of cultural transmission that underlie the influential work of Spindler and Gearing, it is shown that there is a mismatch between the culture theory of mainstream contemporary anthropology and the subdiscipline. The continuity of certain forms of instrumentalism in particular is shown to have unfortunate consequences for the anthropology of education insofar as the theoretical nexus between personal identity, culture, and institutionalized meanings is inadequately formulated. CULTURAL TRANSMISSION, ANTHROPOLOGY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE THEORY, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, SOCIALIZATION. 1981 American Anthropological Association

https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/aeq.1981.12.4.05x1813s

Search for a Theory of Cultural Transmission in an Anthropology of Education: Notes on Spindler and Gearing

This paper argues for a discourse theoretical re-evaluation of the dominant ideology debate. Drawing on the findings of a 1986 survey on themes and issues from text by right-wing groups and parties, it examines the degree to which New Right agendas are acceptable in Australia and accepted by whom. Such agendas are shown to be widely accessible and acceptable in varying degrees to a majority of the sample. This appears to extend across structural positions such as 'class'. Concerns about the Australian moral, social and economic order and national identity are seen as constituting the discursive terrain upon which hegemony is contested by opposing forces. While there are multiple possibilities for alternative constructions and resistance to specific imperatives, the New Right appears to be dominant. Its cobbling together of issues of lifestyle, national identity, reformist programs and economics consti tutes what might be referred to as a dominant ideology. Put another way, subjects are seen as drawing upo...

Richard Smith

Papers

Ideology, Culture and The Process of Schooling: An Extended Review of Henry Giroux

Constructing Teacher Culture

Political Censorship in the Teaching of Social Sciences: Queensland Scenarios:

Search for a Theory of Cultural Transmission in an Anthropology of Education: Notes on Spindler and Gearing

Reconceptualising the Dominant Ideology Debate: An Australian Case Study