Emission analysis of a Diesel Engine Operating in Diesel–Ethanol Dual-Fuel mode

Combustion and Emissions of Ethanol Fuel (E100) in a Small SI Engine

Recent data indicate that, in many countries, mobile sources are responsible for the largest portion of emissions of aldehydes, ketones and certain other air toxic pollutants. These air toxic pollutants along with methane are either carcinogenic or pose significant human health threat. These pollutants also add to global warming in a substantial way. This paper gives an overview of their properties, basic chemistry and conditions of formation in internal combustion engines. Again worldwide many countries are promoting alternative fuels to tackle the crisis of traditional fuel. But the impact of this movement toward alternative fuels with respect to toxic emissions has not been well studied. Therefore, in this paper the analysis on the effects of engine operation and fuelling parameters is also reviewed with specific references in gasoline, diesel, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol blended petrol and Biodiesel fuelled engines. This is accompanied by the review of the studies of the performance of exhaust catalytic converters with respect to aldehydes, ketones and methane. Additionally, aldehydes, ketones and methane detection and measurement methods are summarized and analyzed from the view of their applicability to exhaust gas analysis.

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Aldehyde, Ketone and Methane Emissions from Motor Vehicle Exhaust: A Critical Review

This work describes the improvements on exhaust emissions and cold start obtained through utilization of a new type of cold-start auxiliary system for ethanol-fueled engines. Lower amounts of the gasoline used to help cold start and of ethanol injected during cold start and warm-up were used via introduction of a fuel injector in the new cold-start auxiliary system. The redesigned system allowed for faster and uniform cold start, in comparison to the conventional system, of around 31.1%. Reductions of raw hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions in the cold stage of the FTP-75-based emissions test cycle were about 8.6 and 17.2%, respectively, while oxides of nitrogen and aldehyde emissions remained unchanged.

Reducing exhaust emissions in ethanol-fueled engines during cold start

Recently, the oil crisis and energy security has become the serious concern all over the world. Ethanol, one of the alternative fuels for SI engine seems to have the potential for replacing the conventional fuels like gasoline. However, the process of removing water contents from hydrous ethanol to make it anhydrous is very costly on operation. In order to have the economical advantage, the use of ethanol with water content can be seen as an interesting choice as a fuel in SI Engines. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the effects of water contents blended with ethanol on thermal efficiency and emissions of SI engine. The 125-cc SI engine is used for the experiments. Tests are run at constant engine speed and stoichiometric air fuel ratio. The results show an increase in the thermal efficiency for hydrous ethanol having more than 10% water content. The bsfc value is increased on increasing water content. The NOx produced by hydrous ethanol is very low. The unburned hydrocarbons and the CO emissions are increased on water addition but even after the addition of 20% water by volume they are found lower than those in case of gasoline. So it proposes a solution for the fuel which satisfies the current environmental concerns and helps in improving the fuel economy. This experimental study

http://eng.sut.ac.th/me/JRAME/images/Document/no.2impact.pdf

Impact of Water Contents Blended with Ethanol on SI Engine Performance and Emissions

This work presents results and analysis of experiments on aldehyde and the regulated pollutants CO, HC, and NOA emissions, with varying engine-running parameters. An ethanol-fueled vehicle was tested in a chassis dynamometer, following a standard urban cycle test procedure. The test simulated a medium-distance trip in an urban area, of approximately 5.8 km, with a warmed-up engine. The running parameters tested in the experiments were mixture equivalence ratio, the additional air flow used in decelerations (dash pot), the fuel interruption function in decelerations (cutoff), and gear-change speed. The results pointed to a reduction on aldehyde emissions for lower gear-change speeds and for richer fuel mixtures.

Rinaldo Antunes Amaral

Papers

Influence of engine operating parameters on aldehyde emissions from an ethanol-fueled vehicle

Aldehyde Emissions from an Ethanol-Fuelled Vehicle as Influenced by Engine Geometric Parameters