Generative Adversarial Networks in Medical Image augmentation: A review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105618

Multilevel threshold image segmentation for COVID-19 chest radiography: A framework using horizontal and vertical multiverse optimization

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common hereditary tumor that is often fatal Its pathogenesis involves multiple genes, including circular RNAs (circRNAs) Notably, circRNAs constitute a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized as stable, conserved molecules that are abundantly expressed in tissue/development-specific patterns in eukaryotes Based on accumulating evidence, circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, cells, exosomes, and blood from patients with CRC Moreover, numerous circRNAs have been identified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors that mediate tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoradiation resistance in CRC Although the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA biogenesis and functions remain fairly elusive, interesting results have been obtained in studies investigating CRC In particular, the expression of circRNAs in CRC is comprehensively modulated by multiple factors, such as splicing factors, transcription factors, specific enzymes and cis-acting elements More importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on CRC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA binding proteins, and even translating functional peptides Finally, circRNAs may serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the clinical practice of CRC In this review, we discuss the dysregulation, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in CRC and further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs exert their functions and how their expression is regulated Based on this review, we hope to reveal the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer and highlight the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in cancer research

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Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer

Simulated annealing-based dynamic step shuffled frog leaping algorithm: Optimal performance design and feature selection

Gastrointestinal tumours are tumours that originate in the digestive tract and have extremely high morbidity and mortality. The main categories include: oesophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Circular RNAs are a new class of non-coding RNAs with a covalent closed-loop structure without a 5' cap or a 3' poly A tail, which can encode a small amount of polypeptide. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are involved in multiple biological processes during the development of gastrointestinal tumours including proliferation, invasion and metastasis, radio- and chemoresistance, and inflammatory responses. Also, the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patient, such as staging and lymph node metastasis, are closely associated with the expression level of circRNAs. Further investigation of the function and the role of circRNAs in the development of gastrointestinal tumours will provide new directions for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The function and mechanism of circular RNAs in gastrointestinal tumours.

Purpose: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently identified new noncoding RNAs and play an important role in tumorigenesis. Previous studies have indicated that hsa_circRNA_102958 is a potential diagnostic indicator in gastric cancer. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is poorly understood.

Methods: qRT-PCR and ISH were used to test gene expression in tissues. Survival rate was analzyed by Kaplan-Meier curve. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the interaction between circRNA and miRNA or between miRNA and mRNA. Western blotting was used to test protein expression. CCK8 and colony formation assay was used to analyze proliferation. Transwell assay was used for migration and invasion determination.

Results: In our research, we found that hsa_circRNA_102958 expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues, compared to adjacent normal controls. Increased hsa_circRNA_102958 levels in CRC patients indicated a poor prognosis. The effects of hsa_circRNA_102958 on CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were then determined by CCK8, colony formation and Transwell assays. We showed that hsa_circRNA_102958 silencing markedly suppressed CRC growth, migration and invasion. Furthermore, hsa_circRNA_102958 was identified as a sponge for miR-585. We demonstrated that hsa_circRNA_102958 promoted CDC25B expression through inhibiting miR-585 in CRC. Rescue assays illustrated that CDC25B overexpression reversed the suppressive effects of hsa_circRNA_102958 silencing on CRC.

Conclusion: Taken together, our findings revealed the novel oncogenic roles of hsa_circRNA_102958 in CRC through miR-585/CDC25B axis.

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Circular RNA hsa_circRNA_102958 promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via miR-585/CDC25B axis

Performance optimization of support vector machine with oppositional grasshopper optimization for acute appendicitis diagnosis

Adaptive Barebones Salp Swarm Algorithm with Quasi-oppositional Learning for Medical Diagnosis Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis

Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential functions in the development of several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, how PCAT18 regulates CRC tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this research, we aimed to investigate the roles of PCAT18 in CRC. Materials and methods qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze RNA and protein levels. CCK8, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays were utilized to analyze proliferation, migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze RNA interactions. Results PCAT18 was found to be highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. PCAT18 level was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Functionally, PCAT18 silencing induced impairment of CRC proliferation, migration and invasion. Besides, PCAT18 was identified to inhibit miR-759. PCAT18 promotes SPRR3 expression through binding to miR-759. Furthermore, miR-759 inhibitors or SPRR3 ectopic expression partially rescued the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion in CRC cells transfected with sh-PCAT18. Conclusion Therefore, our study demonstrated that PCAT18 contributes to CRC progression through regulating miR-759/SPRR3 axis, which provides a new theoretical basis of explaining CRC tumorigenesis.

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Rizeng Li

Papers

Circular RNA hsa_circRNA_102958 promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via miR-585/CDC25B axis

Performance optimization of support vector machine with oppositional grasshopper optimization for acute appendicitis diagnosis

Adaptive Barebones Salp Swarm Algorithm with Quasi-oppositional Learning for Medical Diagnosis Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis

Long Noncoding RNA PCAT18 Upregulates SPRR3 to Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression by Binding to miR-759.