Detecting pathogenic bacterial wilt disease of potato using biochemical markers and evaluate resistant in some cultivars.

Day by day, the use of the internet is increasing; as a result, the way of communication through the internet is growing dramatically. So, speech signal compression is being a vital issue in the area of signal processing. There are many techniques used to compress a speech; such as Huffman coding, LZW coding, Arithmetic coding etc. These techniques convert a speech signal in such a way so that it takes very less memory and can be sent quickly over the internet than original data. From the point of view, this article introduces a novel speech coding method which use a set of binary combinations as needed to encode speech data. In this technique, the binary combinations are set to the probabilities of a speech signal where 0 and 1 will be assigned to the first two highest probabilities. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth probabilities are assigned by 00,01,10,11,000,001 and the process will continue until all probabilities are finished. Here, Average code length (ACL), compression ratio (CR), compressed file size and PSNR are considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique with the state of the art techniques. From the experimental outcomes, we have seen that the proposed method provides a better result than the state of the art procedures.

A lossless speech signal compression technique

The present investigation was undertaken during the period from 2009-12 at the Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Farm, greenhouse and laboratories, University of Assiut, Assiut, Egypt. The specific objectives were to isolate and identify of native plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates from tomato and potato rhizosphere, screen them against Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of tomato and to elucidate their mechanisms of biocontrol. The ability of the isolates to promote plant growth and to reduce disease incidence has also assessed in greenhouse and field conditions. In vitro, screening of certain plant essential oils against R. solanacearum and selected PGPR isolates. Evaluation the effect of PGPR isolates, plant essential oils, and the Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) individually or in combinations against the pathogen under greenhouse and field conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study of tomato bacterial wilt in Egypt.

Studies on Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

The antibacterial activity of 23 botanicals were investigated against the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum under in vitro by well diffusion method. Of the 23 botanicals tested, only four, viz., Allium sativum, Lawsonia inermis, Piper betle and Syzygium aromaticum exhibited antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. S. aromaticum showed maximum inhibition zone of 52.0 mm diameter followed by A. sativum, L. inermis and P. betle, exhibiting inhibition zone of 49.0, 16.0 and 15.0 mm diameter, respectively. The antibacterial activity of S. aromaticum and A. sativum was significantly high as compared to the commercial bactericide, Streptocyline. Whereas, the bacterial activity of L. inermis and P. betle as compared to Bronopol, another commercial bactericide, was superior and on par, respectively. Since, Betel and Henna are cheap commodities and have high bactericidal activity against R. solanacearum, their potential can be exploited for the management of bacterial wilt in solanaceous and other crops as an alternative to the existing commercial bactericides.

In vitro evaluation of botanicals against Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith

Eco friendly management of Ralstonia solanacearum causing rhizome wilt of ginger with bioagents, botanicals and neem based commercial formulations

The development in the field of digital communication has led to drastic improvements in the way human speech is handled for transmission. Voice communication has become a booming field for a few decades. Speech compression is used to eliminate the redundancies present in the speech signal and is associated with its efficient transmission. Speech compression is achieved by using Speech Coding. Speech coding uses speech-specific parameter estimation utilising digital signal processing techniques on audio signals, to model the speech signal. The model obtained is combined with generic data compression algorithms to represent the resulting modeled parameters in a compact bitstream.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6881541/6892507/06892538.pdf

Wavelet based Speech Coding technique using median function thresholding

Bacterial wilt or brown rot of potato, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a limiting factor of potato production worldwide. The management of the disease is difficult, and the chemicals are least effective and hazardous. Hence, it is needs to develop alternative methods to control this deadly disease, which is effective and eco-friendly. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of eleven plants were evaluated for the antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum in in-vitro by well diffusion method. Out of the eleven crude aqueous extracts tested, maximum inhibition zone was observed in bulb extract of Allium sativum (30.21mm) followed by Psidium guajava (25.11mm), Curcuma longa (17.77mm), Tagetes erecta (16.21mm), Carica papaya (14.55mm) and Azadirachta indica (13.77mm). Whereas on evaluation of eleven crude ethanolic extracts, maximum inhibition zone was observed in bulb extract of Allium sativum (29.77mm) followed by Psidium guajava (22.88mm), Tagetes erecta (19.77mm), Carica papaya (15.11mm), Azadirachta indica (14.88mm), Ocimum gratissimum (14.10) and Curcuma longa (11.33mm). After screening, four aqueous extracts of botanicals (Allium sativum, Psidium guajava, Curcuma longa and Tagetes erecta) and four ethanol extracts of botanicals (Allium sativum, Psidium guajava, Tagetes erecta and Carica papaya) which showed inhibition zone ≥15mm were evaluated against R. solanacearum at 1%, 5%, 10% and 15% concentration. Among them, garlic showed superiority over all the plants extracts at all the levels of concentration.

https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2020/vol9issue1/PartAH/9-1-215-862.pdf

In vitro evaluation of botanicals against ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of potato

Bacterial wilt or brown rot of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, considered as a destructive disease of potato crops. In the present research work, the bacterial wilt infected potato plant samples were collected from different location of Samastipur district of Bihar (India). Twenty strains of R. solanacearum were isolated and identified based on different biochemical characteristics. The strains of R. solanacearum showed fluidal, irregular and creamy white with pink at the center on TZC medium after 48 h of incubation were selected. The strains of R. solanacearum showed a positive result for the pathogenicity test and produced brown rot symptoms in potato tubers. The results of biochemical studies showed that all the 20 isolates were gram-negative, rod-shaped and positive for potassium hydroxide test, oxidase test, catalase test, nitrate reduction test, production of hydrogen sulfide and citrate utilization test but they showed negative reaction for indole test. Based on the isolation study (colony characteristics on TZC media), ooze test, pathogenicity test, and different biochemical tests, the identity of potato wilt pathogen was established as R. solanacearum. Race characterization showed that strains of R. solanacearum, causing bacterial wilt disease in potato, belong to race 3. The result of biovar showed that the strain of R. solanacearum collected from different locations of Samastipur districts of Bihar belong to bv2 (80%) & bv2T (20%).

https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2019/vol8issue5/PartAG/8-5-103-154.pdf

RK Ranjan

Papers

Wavelet based Speech Coding technique using median function thresholding

In vitro evaluation of botanicals against ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of potato

Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt of potato