Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) and by mechanism (poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, vapor formation, vapor-solid and solid-solid reactions, and attrition/crushing). The key features and considerations for each of these deactivation types is reviewed in detail with reference to the latest literature reports in these areas. Two case studies on the deactivation mechanisms of catalysts used for cobalt Fischer-Tropsch and selective catalytic reduction are considered to provide additional depth in the topics of sintering, coking, poisoning, and fouling. Regeneration considerations and options are also briefly discussed for each deactivation mechanism.

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Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review

This invention relates to a new synthetic porous crystalline material, a method for its preparation and use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new crystalline material exhibits a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern and unusually large equilibrium adsorption capacities.

Composition of synthetic porous crystalline material, its synthesis and use

This invention relates to a new synthetic composition of ultra-large pore crystalline material and use thereof as sorbent and in catalytic conversion of organic and inorganic compounds. The new crystalline material exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25° C., a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d 100 value greater than about 18 Angstrom Units and a hexagonal arrangement of uniformly sized pores with a maximum perpendicular cross section of at least about 13 Angstrom units.

Synthetic mesoporous crystaline material

This invention relates to a new synthetic layered material, a method for its preparation and use thereof as a sorbent and as a catalyst component in catalytic conversion of organic compounds.

Synthetic layered MCM-56, its synthesis and use

This invention relates to a new synthetic porous crystalline material, a method for its preparation and use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new crystalline material exhibits a distinctive X-ray diffraction pattern.

Synthetic porous crystalline mcm-49, its synthesis and use

A crystalline zeolite SSZ-25 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Zeolite SSZ-25

A process for the alkylation or transalkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon which comprises contacting the aromatic hydrocarbon with a C2 to C4 olefin alkylating agent or a polyalkyl aromatic hydrocarbon transalkylating agent, under at least partial liquid phase conditions, and in the presence of a catalyst comprising zeolite beta.

Liquid phase alkylation or transalkylation process using zeolite beta

Zeolite SSZ-26

A process for the alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon which comprises contacting the aromatic hydrocarbon with a C 2 to C 4 olefin alkylating agent under at least partial liquid phase conditions, and in the presence of a catalyst comprising zeolite SSZ-25. The invention also provides a process for producing a reduced benzene content gasoline blend stock. A benzene-containing light hydrocarbon stream having less than 50 weight present benzene is contacted with a C 2 -C 4 olefin stream in an alkylation zone containing an SSZ-25 catalyst under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylated light hydrocarbon stream with reduced benzene content. The alkylated light hydrocarbon stream is then usable as gasoline blend stock.

Alkylation using zeolite SSZ-25

A process for regenerating a coke contaminated reforming catalyst comprising platinum on a molecular sieve, said process consisting essentially of contacting said catalyst with a halogen-free oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of less than 780° F. for a sufficient period of time such that the aromatization activity is restored to within 20° F. of the activity said catalyst possessed at the start of the previous run cycle.

Robert A. Innes

Papers

Zeolite SSZ-25

Liquid phase alkylation or transalkylation process using zeolite beta

Zeolite SSZ-26

Alkylation using zeolite SSZ-25

Low temperature regeneration of coke deactivated reforming catalysts