Transparent conductors as solar energy materials: A panoramic review

https://www.fkit.unizg.hr/_download/repository/Smart_Windows-_Review.pdf

Properties, requirements and possibilities of smart windows for dynamic daylight and solar energy control in buildings: A state-of-the-art review

We present a new, real-time method for rendering diffuse and glossy objects in low-frequency lighting environments that captures soft shadows, interreflections, and caustics. As a preprocess, a novel global transport simulator creates functions over the object's surface representing transfer of arbitrary, low-frequency incident lighting into transferred radiance which includes global effects like shadows and interreflections from the object onto itself. At run-time, these transfer functions are applied to actual incident lighting. Dynamic, local lighting is handled by sampling it close to the object every frame; the object can also be rigidly rotated with respect to the lighting and vice versa. Lighting and transfer functions are represented using low-order spherical harmonics. This avoids aliasing and evaluates efficiently on graphics hardware by reducing the shading integral to a dot product of 9 to 25 element vectors for diffuse receivers. Glossy objects are handled using matrices rather than vectors. We further introduce functions for radiance transfer from a dynamic lighting environment through a preprocessed object to neighboring points in space. These allow soft shadows and caustics from rigidly moving objects to be cast onto arbitrary, dynamic receivers. We demonstrate real-time global lighting effects with this approach.

/pdf/precomputed-radiance-transfer-for-real-time-rendering-in-4p683lipij.pdf

Precomputed radiance transfer for real-time rendering in dynamic, low-frequency lighting environments

This paper describes a physically-based rendering system tailored to the demands of lighting design and architecture. The simulation uses a light-backwards ray-tracing method with extensions to efficiently solve the rendering equation under most conditions. This includes specular, diffuse and directional-diffuse reflection and transmission in any combination to any level in any environment, including complicated, curved geometries. The simulation blends deterministic and stochastic ray-tracing techniques to achieve the best balance between speed and accuracy in its local and global illumination methods. Some of the more interesting techniques are outlined, with references to more detailed descriptions elsewhere. Finally, examples are given of successful applications of this free software by others.

/pdf/the-radiance-lighting-simulation-and-rendering-system-2vklpu0a06.pdf

The RADIANCE lighting simulation and rendering system

Literature survey on how different factors influence human comfort in indoor environments

An efficient ray tracing method is presented for calculating interreflections between surfaces with both diffuse and specular components. A Monte Carlo technique computes the indirect contributions to illuminance at locations chosen by the rendering process. The indirect illuminance values are averaged over surfaces and used in place of a constant "ambient" term. Illuminance calculations are made only for those areas participating in the selected view, and the results are stored so that subsequent views can reuse common values. The density of the calculation is adjusted to maintain a constant accuracy, permitting less populated portions of the scene to be computed quickly. Successive reflections use proportionally fewer samples, which speeds the process and provides a natural limit to recursion. The technique can also model diffuse transmission and illumination from large area sources, such as the sky.

A ray tracing solution for diffuse interreflection

https://escholarship.org/content/qt4jx47905/qt4jx47905.pdf?t=p2au4n

Office Worker Response to an Automated Venetian Blind and Electric Lighting System: A Pilot Study

https://facades.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/57125.pdf

Subject Responses to Electrochromic Windows

Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor ADVANCEMENT OF ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS Prepared For: California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program Prepared By: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory April 2006 CEC-500-2006-052 PIER F INAL P ROJECT R EPORT

/pdf/advancement-of-electrochromic-windows-4f1ooh7emm.pdf

Advancement of Electrochromic Windows

Glare models were reviewed with an eye for missing conditions or inconsistencies. Ambiguities were found relating to when to use small source versus large source models and as to what constitutes a...

/pdf/discomfort-glare-what-do-we-actually-know-142yfwsq8y.pdf

Robert Clear

Papers

A ray tracing solution for diffuse interreflection

Office Worker Response to an Automated Venetian Blind and Electric Lighting System: A Pilot Study

Subject Responses to Electrochromic Windows

Advancement of Electrochromic Windows

Discomfort Glare: What Do We Actually Know?