Showing papers in "Energy and Buildings in 1998"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of an extensive literature review on the topic of thermal adaptations in the built environment, most likely resulting from a combination of past thermal history in the buildings and differences in levels of perceived control.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to adopt "cool communities" strategies of reroofing and repaying in lighter colors and planting shade trees can effect substantial energy savings, directly and indirectly.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a mathematical model yielding a sensible, albeit simplified representation of the dynamic thermal behavior of actual green roofs, concluding that green roofs do not act as cooling devices but as insulation ones, reducing the heat flux through the roof.

TL;DR: In this article, a zero-equation model is proposed to simulate three dimensional distributions of air velocity, temperature, and contaminant concentrations in rooms, assuming turbulent viscosity to be a function of length-scale and local mean velocity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the renoramlization group (RNG) k-e turbulence model for the prediction of buoyant air flow and flow rate in enclosures with Trombe wall geometries.

TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-section analysis of Austrian households is presented to investigate the impact of the following parameters on residential energy demand for space heating: thermal quality of buildings; consumer behavior; heating degree days; and building type (single or multi-family dwellings).

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of a park on the urban summer climate in the nearby areas was investigated and the possibilities of reduction in air conditioning energy were investigated, which indicated that vegetation could significantly alter the climate in Tama New Town, Tokyo, Japan.

TL;DR: In this article, a methodology based on the solution of the inverse heat transfer problem for the detection and evaluation of flaws in buildings is discussed, where the temperature varying in space and time is recorded by a thermographic equipment and each point belonging to the inspected area is analysed quantitatively.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the total amount of energy consumption and CO2 emission caused by the construction, operation, maintenance, and renovation of office buildings in Japan and estimate the total quantity of domestic products and services used directly or indirectly during the life cycle of the building.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of thermophysical properties and thickness of a wall of a building on time lag and decrement factor have been investigated, and a very general code which can take care of composite walls under any kind of boundary condition was developed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a calculation has been done, using a stationary method, in order to determine the thermal behaviour of the planted roof and the way it influences the thermal protection of the building, in accordance with Greek climatic conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, an automated venetian blind was operated in synchronization with a dimmable electric lighting system to block direct sun, provide the design workplane illuminance, and maximize view.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a sensor-based demand-controlled ventilation (SBDCV) system for better control of indoor pollutant concentrations, and lower energy use and peak energy demand.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of humidity and temperature of inhaled air on perceived acceptability of the air was studied, and a model was developed that predicts the percentage of persons dissatisfied due to insufficient respiratory cooling as a function of the actual evaporative and convective cooling of the respiratory tract.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of mass in lowering the indoor temperatures in closed and in night ventilated buildings was evaluated, and the results of the 1994 experiments will be reported in Part II.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results for natural convection heat transfer coefficients of a heated wall, a heated floor and a heated ceiling which have been calculated using CFD Two turbulence models have been used to calculate these coefficients: a standard k − ǫ model using ‘wall functions’ and a low Reynolds number k - � model.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of air movement cooling, an alternative to compressor-based cooling of the air itself, and proposed a zone within which personally controlled air movement provides a likely alternative to mechanical air conditioning.

TL;DR: In this article, a prototype integrated, dynamic building envelope and lighting system designed to optimize daylight admission and solar heat gain rejection on a real-time basis in a commercial office building is evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of wall's insulation thickness and position on time lag and decrement factor have been investigated numerically, and it was found that insulation thickness has a very profound effect on the time lag.

TL;DR: Grimmond et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the storage heat flux of an urban canyon and the resulting objective hysteresis model parameters with a numerical model of a dry urban canyon energy budget.

TL;DR: In this article, a model was developed that predicts the percentage of persons dissatisfied due to humid skin as a function of the relative humidity of the skin, which applies for sedentary, thermally neutral persons.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a Bernoulli algorithm to describe airflow through large openings in a three-level office building and found that the air flow rates derived from velocity measurements in the open doorways were in agreement with the flow rates obtained with a constant injection tracer gas technique, with an uncertainty of ± 20%.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the validity of the power law through theoretical analysis, laboratory measurements of crack flow and detailed field tests of building envelopes and concluded that it is valid for low pressure building envelope leakage.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and accurate methodology for the identification of airflow characteristics through porous screens was proposed to evaluate the impact of screen usage on airflow reduction, the presence or absence of screens (when covering window or ventilator openings) was simulated.

TL;DR: In this article, the suitability of night ventilation for cooling offices in moderate climates such as that of the UK is first assessed by presenting plots of summer weather data on the bioclimatic chart for three locations within the country.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the technical, functional and administrative obstacles for energy conservation in sports centers and proposed practical and cost-effective solutions for improving their energy efficiency, indoor thermal and visual comfort throughout the year.

TL;DR: In this paper, a combined approach of Building Thermal and Mass Flow Simulation (BSim) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with different degrees of detail was investigated and their modelling deficiencies identified.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some of the findings from a broader investigation aimed at determining thermal comfort design conditions for combined chilled ceiling/displacement ventilation environments, and conclude that existing guidance regarding toleration of radiant temperature asymmetry is valid for thermal comfort in such combination environments.

TL;DR: Visual comfort measurements were carried out showing that for both clear and overcast outdoor conditions, the visual environment quality is objectively improved at the rear working place, and a comparative study showed that the personal appreciation of the luminous environment is better in the room with an Anidolic Ceiling.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new correlation method to overcome the difficulty of simultaneously handling both heating and cooling aspects, which can deal with internal gains, as well as solar gains, and can be used to calculate a utilization factor.