https://vascular.stanford.edu/content/dam/sm/vascular/documents/endovasc/guidelines/PIIS0741521406022968.pdf

Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II)

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic) A Collaborative Report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery,* Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease) Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation

/pdf/acc-aha-2005-practice-guidelines-for-the-management-of-4ltfid6e9i.pdf

ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic)

The physical principles underlying some current biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles are reviewed. Starting from well-known basic concepts, and drawing on examples from biology and biomedicine, the relevant physics of magnetic materials and their responses to applied magnetic fields are surveyed. The way these properties are controlled and used is illustrated with reference to (i) magnetic separation of labelled cells and other biological entities; (ii) therapeutic drug, gene and radionuclide delivery; (iii) radio frequency methods for the catabolism of tumours via hyperthermia; and (iv) contrast enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging applications. Future prospects are also discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/201/pdf

Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease results in >19 million deaths annually, and coronary heart disease accounts for the majority of this toll. Despite major advances in treatment of coronary heart disease patients, a large number of victims of the disease who are apparently healthy die suddenly without prior symptoms. Available screening and diagnostic methods are insufficient to identify the victims before the event occurs. The recognition of the role of the vulnerable plaque has opened new avenues of opportunity in the field of cardiovascular medicine. This consensus document concludes the following. (1) Rupture-prone plaques are not the only vulnerable plaques. All types of atherosclerotic plaques with high likelihood of thrombotic complications and rapid progression should be considered as vulnerable plaques. We propose a classification for clinical as well as pathological evaluation of vulnerable plaques. (2) Vulnerable plaques are not the only culprit factors for the development of acute coronary syndromes, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Vulnerable blood (prone to thrombosis) and vulnerable myocardium (prone to fatal arrhythmia) play an important role in the outcome. Therefore, the term "vulnerable patient" may be more appropriate and is proposed now for the identification of subjects with high likelihood of developing cardiac events in the near future. (3) A quantitative method for cumulative risk assessment of vulnerable patients needs to be developed that may include variables based on plaque, blood, and myocardial vulnerability. In Part I of this consensus document, we cover the new definition of vulnerable plaque and its relationship with vulnerable patients. Part II of this consensus document focuses on vulnerable blood and vulnerable myocardium and provide an outline of overall risk assessment of vulnerable patients. Parts I and II are meant to provide a general consensus and overviews the new field of vulnerable patient. Recently developed assays (eg, C-reactive protein), imaging techniques (eg, CT and MRI), noninvasive electrophysiological tests (for vulnerable myocardium), and emerging catheters (to localize and characterize vulnerable plaque) in combination with future genomic and proteomic techniques will guide us in the search for vulnerable patients. It will also lead to the development and deployment of new therapies and ultimately to reduce the incidence of acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death. We encourage healthcare policy makers to promote translational research for screening and treatment of vulnerable patients.

/pdf/from-vulnerable-plaque-to-vulnerable-patient-a-call-for-new-47rrnyxj2m.pdf

From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II.

It is important to dispute that magnetic resonance imaging caused coronary stent dislodgement in the patient described by Parthasarathy and colleagues.1 The BX Velocity stent used in the Cypher device in their report is composed of 316 L stainless steel,2 which is weakly ferromagnetic. According to the industry standard applied in its commercial development,3 a …

Letter by Lederman et al Regarding Article, “MRI-Induced Stent Dislodgment Soon After Left Main Coronary Artery Stenting”

Disclosed delivery catheters have a three-dimensional curvature that facilitates reaching the RAA from the inferior vena cava, positioning the distal end of the catheter generally parallel to the plane of the pericardial space at the puncture location within the RAA, orienting the puncturing device in a direction that avoids the right coronary artery, aorta, pulmonary artery, and other structures to prevent bystander injury to such structures, and provides sufficient rigidity to puncture through a wall of the RAA into the pericardial space.

Three-dimensional right atrial appendage curve catheter

Prophylactic, standby, or rescue support for high-risk PCI: who knows?

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) presents a number of unique opportunities to guide transcatheter cardiovascular interventions. Advances in real-time pulse sequences and user interfaces now allow catheter navigation with temporal resolution approaching that of x-ray fluoroscopy and simultaneous soft tissue visualization similar to echocardiography but unlimited by acoustic windows, and all without ionizing radiation or nephrotoxic contrast. In this chapter we will review the hardware and software components required to build an interventional CMR suite, consider the catheter and device engineering challenges in the CMR environment, and explore current and future clinical applications for this exciting technology.

Robert J. Lederman

Papers

Letter by Lederman et al Regarding Article, “MRI-Induced Stent Dislodgment Soon After Left Main Coronary Artery Stenting”

Three-dimensional right atrial appendage curve catheter

Prophylactic, standby, or rescue support for high-risk PCI: who knows?

Interventional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Real-time magnetic resonance imaging for integrated identification, targeting, and injection of labeled stem cells to porcine myocardial infarction