Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

\"What are your assumptions (implicit as well as explicit) about the most effective way to manage people?\" So began Douglas McGregor in this 1960 management classic. It was a seemingly simple question he asked, yet it led to a fundamental revolution in management. Today, with the rise of the global economy, the information revolution, and the growth of knowledge-driven work, McGregor's simple but provocative question continues to resonate-perhaps more powerfully than ever before. Heralded as one of the most important pieces of management literature ever written, a touchstone for scholars and a handbook for practitioners, The Human Side of Enterprise continues to receive the highest accolades nearly half a century after its initial publication. Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments, and professional development seminars for over four decades. In this special annotated edition of the worldwide management classic, Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Senior Research Scientist in MIT's Sloan School of Management and Engineering Systems Division, shows us how today's leaders have successfully incorporated McGregor's methods into modern management styles and practices. The added quotes and commentary bring the content right into today's debates and business models. Now more than ever, the timeless wisdom of Douglas McGregor can light the path towards a management style that nurtures leadership capability, creates effective teams, ensures internal alignment, achieves high performance, and cultivates an authentic, value-driven workplace--lessons we all need to learn as we make our way in this brave new world of the 21st century.

The Human Side of Enterprise.

Meanwhile, the authors' antidote to the American sicknessa quest for democratic community that draws on our diverse civic and religious traditionshas contributed to a vigorous scholarly and popular debate. Attention has been focused on forms of social organization, be it civil society, democratic communitarianism, or associative democracy, that can humanize the market and the administrative state. In their new Introduction the authors relate the argument of their book both to the current realities of American society and to the growing debate about the country's future. With this new edition one of the most influential books of recent times takes on a new immediacy.\

Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life

The Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology is an essential resource for researchers and students of social psychology and related disciplines.

Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology

Uniqueness has positive connotations of freedom and independence in American culture, whereas conformity has positive connotations of connectedness and harmony in East Asian culture. The present research examined how these cultural values and individual preferences for uniqueness and conformity influence each other. In Studies 1 and 2, East Asian and European American preferences for uniqueness were measured using abstract figures. In Study 3, the choice of pens by East Asians and European Americans was examined as a function of whether the pen appeared unique. In Study 4, Korean and American magazine ads were analyzed with a focus on themes of conformity and uniqueness. In all studies, East Asians preferred targets that represented conformity, whereas European Americans preferred targets that represented uniqueness. The results highlight the relationship between individual preference and the adoption and perpetuation of cultural values. If a person orders a decaffeinated cappuccino with nonfat milk in a cafe in San Francisco, he or she can feel good about having a preference that is not exactly regular. That person can feel right about being able to get the drink exactly the way he or she wants it and will be vindicated as the waiter brings the precise drink ordered without comment or question. In the United States, drinking a decaffeinated cappuccino with nonfat milk feels as good as drinking a regular cup of coffee, perhaps even better. The best taste is one's individualized taste, and being sure of one's own particular taste contributes to being an appropriate person in this cultural context. If a person orders the same drink—a decaffeinated cappuccino with nonfat milk—in a caf6 in Seoul, however, he or she may feel strange about being the only person who is getting this specialized beverage. That person will face others who are likely to be forming the impression that he or she is a person who does not get along with the group very well, and, moreover, that person will have to confront a waiter who may be annoyed at the request. Eventually, the person may even be humbled by the verdict that the cafe cannot make this idiosyncratic drink just for her. In this Korean cultural context, it does not feel right or good to drink a cup of decaffeinated cappuccino with nonfat milk. In Korea, the normal, regular, and traditional are usually the best tastes for the individual, and a

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Deviance or uniqueness, harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis.

This paper gives an overview of social representation theory, definitions of the key terms and of the social processes leading to a representation and to social identity. Six empirical studies are presented and details of their methods and findings are given to illustrate this social psychological approach. These studies are about the ontogenesis of gender, the public sphere in Brazil, madness on British television, images of androgyny in Switzerland, individualism and democracy in post-communist Europe and metaphorical thinking about conception. The methods are ethnography, interviews, focus-groups, content analysis of media, statistical analysis of word associations, questionnaires and experiments. Finally, social representation theory is compared to theories of attitudes, schemata and social cognition.

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Theory and method of social representations

Preface. 1. Modern social psychology: a characteristically American phenomenon. 2. The emergence in Germany of psychology as a natural and social science. 3. The psychology of the masses and of culture. 4. George Herbert Mead: philosopher and social psychologist. 5. The Murchison Handbook of 1935: a truly comparative psychology. 6. The individualisation of social psychology in North America. 7. Sociological and psychological forms of social psychology. 8. Ancestors and founders: reconstructing the past. 9. War and the history of social psychology. 10. The long past and the short history of social psychology. Appendix I: Some significant dates in the emergence of psychology as an experimental and social science 1872 -- 1937. Appendix II: The rubric for Paper V of the University of London Examinations in Psychology in the early 1960s. Appendix III: Reviewers comments on The Long past and the Short History of Social Psychology. Bibliography. Index.

The Roots of Modern Social Psychology: 1872-1954

The theory of social representations is perfectly suited to the empirical investigation of the public's understanding of science. A sharp distinction is drawn between a scientific theory and its social representation corresponding, respectively, to the contrasting worlds of science and of common sense. Representations of science are to be found in the media as well as in people's minds and need to be sampled and studied in both locations. Moscovici initiated this French tradition of research with his study, in the late 1950s, of psychoanalysis. It is a sociological form of social psychology with close affinities to the sociology of knowledge. The applicability to the natural sciences of a theory developed in relation to the social and human sciences is discussed. The views of Moscovici and of Wolpert are compared and contrasted, especially in regard to the relations between science and common sense. It is argued that the study of social representations is a form of social science that natural scientists n...

Common sense, science and social representations:

A theoretical overview. Part 1: Representation of Health, Illness and Handicap in the Mass Media of Communication: The Self and Media Messages - Match or Mismatch? The Face of AIDS Representations of Learning Disability in the Literature of Charity Campaigns. Part 2: Professional and Lay Representations of Health, Illness and Handicap: The Self and the Other - Perception of the Risk of HIV/AIDS in Scottish Prisons Clinical Diagnosis and the Joint Construction of a Medical Voice The Mentally Ill Person and the Other - Social Representations and Interactive Strategies Medical and Lay Explanations of Diabetes in England and India. Part 3: Human agency and Well-being: Quality of Life - Hope for the Future or an Echo from the Distant Past? Quality of Life and Mental Health - Evaluating the Impact of Long-Term Care Coping and Human Agency.

Representations of health, illness and handicap

A century ago this year Durkheim (1898), in distinguishing collective from individual representations, separated sociology from psychology In formulating his theory of social representations more than half a century later, Moscovici (1961/1976) established a sociological form of social psychology Differences between sociological and psychological forms of social psychology are briefly discussed and a distinction is drawn between ancestors and founders Durkheim is an ancestor of the theory of social representations whilst Moscovici is its founder The rationale for moving from collective to social representations is outlined and a case established for a move, now, in the reverse direction In modernizing Durkheim, Moscovici is more successful in preserving an explicitly social social psychology than he is in handling the notion of culture within his theory of social representations Changes in the notion of culture in the period of late modernity are noted Proposals are made for restoring the cultural 

Robert M. Farr

Papers

Theory and method of social representations

The Roots of Modern Social Psychology: 1872-1954

Common sense, science and social representations:

Representations of health, illness and handicap

From collective to social representations: Aller et retour.