Showing papers by "Robert R. McCrae published in 1990"

Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality

Abstract: Data from three normal samples were used to examine links between personality disorder scales and measures of the five-factor model of personality. In the first study, self-reports, spouse ratings, and peer ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), a measure of the five basic factors of personality, were correlated with MMPI personality disorder scales in a sample of 297 adult volunteers. In the second study, self-reports on the NEO-PI were correlated with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-I) scales in a sample of 207 adults; self-reports on the MCMI-II were examined in a sample of 62 students. Results generally replicated the findings of Wiggins and Pincus (1990), suggesting that the five-factor model encompasses dimensions of both normal and abnormal personality. Distinctions between the MMPI, MCMI-I, and MCMI-II scales are examined in light of the model, and suggestions are made for integrating traditional personality trait models with psychiatric conceptions of disorder.

Personality in adulthood

Abstract: Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this influential work argues for the enduring stability of personality across adult development. It also offers a highly accessible introduction to the five-factor model of personality. Critically reviewing different theories of personality and adult development, the authors explain the logic behind the scientific assessment of personality, present a comprehensive model of trait structure, and examine patterns of trait stability and change after age 30, incorporating data from ongoing cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The second edition has been updated throughout with the authors' new findings, ideas, and interpretations, and includes a new chapter on cross-cultural research. It culminates in an additional new chapter that presents a comprehensive theory of personality grounded in the five-factor model.

Controlling neuroticism in the measurement of stress

Abstract: To assess stress — the demands placed on the individual by his or her environment — life-event checklists and lists of daily hassles have been widely used. Such instruments are intended to reflect harmful, threatening, or challenging aspects of the environment, but they are likely to be strongly influenced by characteristics of the respondent, especially the personality disposition of neuroticism. Individuals high on this dimension perceive life as stressful, cope poorly, are dissatisfied with social supports, have low psychological well-being, and make more somatic complaints. Relations among these variables may be due to the common influence of neuroticism rather than processes of stress and coping. Longitudinal designs and objective outcome measures can reduced the confounding effect of neuroticism. By including measures of neuroticism in their designs, researchers can increase their understanding of the mutual roles of stress and personality in determining mental and physical health. By measuring neuroticism in their clients, stress management practitioners can gain insight into the reports of stressful events and conditions their clients make.

Traits and trait names: How well is Openness represented in natural languages?

Abstract: The five‐factor model of personality has repeatedly emerged from lexical studies of natural languages. When adjective‐based factor scales are correlated with other personality measures, the adequac...

Personality: Another “Hidden Factor” in Stress Research

Abstract: (1990). Personality: Another 'Hidden Factor' is Stress Research. Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 22-24.

Cancer and psychosocial traits, continued (Reply)

Abstract: In Reply. — In her response to our recent article, Dr Andrianopoulos suggests that depression may be a risk factor for a subgroup of cancers that are sensitive to immunodeficiency. We did not present analyses by site or type of cancer because we did not have sufficient numbers of cases to conduct conclusive analyses. Of the 637 cases of any diagnosis of cancer, only 71 (11%) were of the types specified by Dr Andrianopoulos. Most of these (47) were carcinomas of the lip and skin. New proportional hazards analyses, with and without adjustment for standard risk factors, showed no significant association between depressive symptoms on the General Well-being Schedule and these types of cancer (relative risk, 1.1), nor was there a significant association when the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale was examined. Even with the small number of cases in these analyses, it appears fair to conclude that if